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1.山东大学电气工程学院,山东省济南市 250061
2.西安交通大学电气工程学院,陕西省西安市 710049
丁磊(1980—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向:低惯量电力系统运行控制、新能源并网控制。E-mail:dinglei@sdu.edu.cn
郭一忱(1990—),男,通信作者,博士,主要研究方向:低惯量电力系统运行控制、电力系统主动解列。E-mail:gyichen1990@sdu.edu.cn
鲍威宇(1994—),男,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向:低惯量电力系统频率控制。
收稿:2023-10-31,
修回:2024-01-25,
网络出版:2024-03-28,
纸质出版:2024-04-25
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丁磊,郭一忱,鲍威宇等.能量视角下的电力系统惯量[J].电力系统自动化,2024,48(8):3-13.
DING Lei,GUO Yichen,BAO Weiyu,et al.Inertia of Power Systems from Energy Perspective[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2024,48(8):3-13.
丁磊,郭一忱,鲍威宇等.能量视角下的电力系统惯量[J].电力系统自动化,2024,48(8):3-13. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20231031004.
DING Lei,GUO Yichen,BAO Weiyu,et al.Inertia of Power Systems from Energy Perspective[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2024,48(8):3-13. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20231031004.
同步机主导的电力系统中,机械旋转惯量是决定频率动态的主导因素,被代指为系统惯量。随着新能源占比升高,机械旋转惯量不断下降,其主导作用被削弱,现有对电力系统惯量的认知不再适用。文中首先回顾惯量作为阻碍物体状态变化能力度量的物理本质,把电力系统建模为包含不同尺度下多种能量形式和元件的能量供应链,将惯量广义化为机械旋转惯量、电惯量、热惯量、流体惯量。能量供应链中,同一尺度上存储惯量和通道惯量组成的“惯量对”决定了该尺度的动态;总的尺度上,不同尺度的多个“惯量对”决定了时域的序贯动态和频域的级联滤波特性。然后,进一步揭示了惯量需求的根源是能量需求,存储单元需要有足够的瞬时可释放能量来应对传输通道引起的能量补充滞后,整个能量供应链需要存储足够的本地能量支撑分散控制。能量视角下的电力系统惯量认知有助于评估新型电力系统的惯量需求,为新型电力系统有功控制的方法设计提供理论指导。
In the synchronous generator dominant power system
the mechanical rotational inertia is the dominant factor that determines the frequency dynamics
and is referred to as the system inertia. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources
the mechanical rotational inertia keeps declining
its leading role is weakened
and the existing cognition of the inertia of the power system is no longer applicable. The paper first reviews the physical nature of inertia as a measure of the ability to hinder the change of state of an object
and models the power system as an energy supply chain containing various energy forms and components at different scales. The inertia is generalized to mechanical rotational inertia
electrical inertia
thermal inertia and fluid inertia. In energy supply chain
the “inertia pair” composed of storage inertia and channel inertia on the same scale determines the dynamics of the scale. On the whole scale
multiple “inertia pairs” at different scales determine the sequential dynamic characteristics in the time domain and the cascading filtering characteristics in the frequency domain. Then
it is further revealed that the source of inertia demand is energy demand
storage units need to have enough instantaneous energy release to cope with the energy supplement lag caused by the transmission channel
and the entire energy supply chain needs to store enough local energy to support decentralized control. The inertia cognition of the power system from the energy perspective is helpful to evaluate the inertia demand of new power systems and provide theoretical guidance for the method design of active power control of new power systems.
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