Generalized energy storage system(GESS)includes stationary energy storage system and controllable loads which can store thermal energy

potential energy and electric energy. An optimal model based on bi-level optimization method is proposed to solve the GESS optimal configuration problem of distribution networks with high-penetration renewable energy. According to the proposed method

the external model uses the genetic algorithm to search for the configuration scheme for GESS and the internal model is used to optimize the operation strategy of GESS based on the dynamic programming algorithm. By alternately optimizing the internal and external layers

the capacity of GESS in the distribution network containing renewable energy and controllable loads is optimized. And an IEEE 33-node distribution grid is taken as an example to verify that the proposed method can effectively increase the control resources of the distribution network system through controllable loads

and it can significantly reduce the configuration capacity of stationary energy storage and the operation cost of the system.