As one of potential operating reserve measures with comparative capacity in future power systems

the operation of electric vehicles(EVs)should follow their users' willingness in travel and charge. Therefore

it is only reasonable to analyze the capability of EV as a reserve measure under a suitable market mechanism in which users' willingness is respected. A charging/discharging contract principle is designed to balance the needs between the system operator and the users. An algorithm to calculate the short-term reserve capability of EV

as well as a sorted charging/discharging strategy to respond the variation of electricity price

is proposed. Based on these models or methods

case studies are done aiming to give the primary assessment on capability to supply reserve capacity/energy instantly but with short duration from a typical individual EV or EV clusters under different charging/discharging strategies. Furthermore

parameter influences e. g. the price and design features of a reserve market on the reserve capability of EV are also analyzed.