When faults occur in a transmission line

traveling waves generated from the short circuit should travel to bus-bars on both sides. Based on the single-ended traveling wave fault location principle

the wave polarity combining the first and subsequent arrival instants of the traveling waves can be measured at the detecting bus-bar terminal to enable direct determination of the fault sections. A fault location method for power transmission systems depending on the arriving time of the traveling waves is presented. A novel algorithm free from the influence of the speed of traveling waves is derived respectively

the availability of which is shown by examples.