A substation topology error identification method based on uncertainty reasoning is proposed. Topology error identification rules are divided into four categories according to different data types and relationships used by each rule. An inaccurate model for each of the data in substation and topology error identification rules is developed. The integrated certainty factor value of each circuit breaker and switch is calculated by using the transfer algorithm and synthetic algorithm of uncertainty reasoning. The results are used to determine the status of each circuit breaker and switch. This substation topology error identification method has high redundancy using the three-phase multi-source data in substation and has improved the ability of identifying the switch status and solved the problem of conflicts between rules. Simulation for the multiple topology errors with multiple bad data has validated its effectiveness and high reliability.