India’s potential power reliability hazards in aspects like generation planning

transmission planning

grid infrastructure

management system

primary energy

environmental constraint

market economy and information technology

which together aggravate the power disaster

have been revealed by the “7·30” blackout. These factors

which influence the power supply adequacy and security in a similar manner as transmission congestion does

can be called by a generic term as generalized congestions. Different participants’ attempts to benefit from multigaming by utilizing generalized congestions

will in turn aggravate congestions. From this perspective

the inevitability of India’s power disaster

occasionality of trigger event and inherent evolution law of blackout are reflected

the enlightenment on China’s power industry is discussed

and blackout risk control measures are explored in this paper. The positive role of strong smart grid in ensuring energy and environment security is highlighted.