最新刊期
- 摘要：The lunar research station energy system is the cornerstone for ensuring the smooth development of the Moon. Considering key factors such as construction planning of the lunar research station, lunar surface environment, and source-load characteristics, this paper analyzes the requirements of the lunar research station energy system, and provides analysis, planning, and outlook of the energy system from the aspects of electric power generation, storage, conversion, and transmission. First, the characteristics of different space power and energy storage technologies are summarized and compared, and the composition of power sources and energy storage for the lunar research station energy system is analyzed. Then, due to the characteristics of the lunar research station such as phased construction, long distance between sources and loads, and high power demand, multiple high-voltage transmission and partitioned-interconnected power supply topologies are proposed, the characteristics of each topology are summarized, and the influence of cable parameters on the voltage level selection is analyzed. Finally, in view of the new requirements of the energy system in high-voltage transmission, partitioned interconnection, and multi-source coordinated control, several key power conversion and coordinated control technologies that need to be broken through are identified, providing a reference for the design of the lunar research station energy system.关键词：space exploration;lunar research station;energy system;energy technologies;power supply topology2|0|0更新时间：2026-11-03
- 摘要：With the rapid development of quantum computing technology, the security of traditional cryptosystems is facing unprecedented severe challenges. The powerful computing capability of quantum computers enables Shor's algorithm to rapidly break traditional public key cryptography algorithms based on the integer factorization and discrete logarithm problems. Meanwhile, quantum computing can also significantly weaken the security of symmetric cryptographic algorithms. As the national infrastructure for energy supply, power systems are confronted with urgent threats from quantum computing in the post-quantum era. This paper first systematically reviews mainstream post-quantum cryptography technologies, including lattice-based cryptography, Hash-based signature algorithms, multivariate public key cryptography, and code-based cryptography, and analyzes their practicality. Second, the current application status of cryptography in power systems is analyzed from the perspectives of identity authentication, data anti-tampering, encrypted data transmission, and data management. Third, the unique quantum computing threats to power systems in the post-quantum era are analyzed according to the characteristics of power systems. Finally, the challenges of deploying post-quantum algorithms in power systems are discussed, such as algorithm performance overhead, increased key size, upgrade and retrofitting of existing equipment, and the development of standards and specifications. Corresponding countermeasures are put forward, and future development trends are prospected. The study shows that the early deployment of post-quantum cryptography is an urgent task to guarantee the cybersecurity of future power systems, which requires comprehensive consideration and planning in terms of technology, cost, standards and other aspects.关键词：post-quantum computing;cryptographic technology;information security;new power system4|0|0更新时间：2026-11-03
- 摘要：The source-load uncertainty exacerbates voltage limit violations and network loss issues in distribution networks. Existing optimization and data-driven methods struggle to balance uncertainty adaptability, operational economy, and the physical feasibility of control strategies. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a Wasserstein distributionally robust model predictive control method for flexible distribution networks under uncertainty. Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization and receding horizon control are adopted for the coordinated regulation of soft open points (SOPs) and grid-connected converters of renewable energy sources. A multi-time-period optimization model is established, taking voltage security, network loss, and control smoothness into account. Case study results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an average computation time of 0.168 s per online control period, with a voltage violation rate of 3.157%. Under the same distributionally robust model predictive control (DRO-MPC) model, the multi-agent soft actor-critic (MASAC) algorithm with warm start further reduces the optimizer solving time compared with the cold start, verifying the computational acceleration effect of the learning-aided mechanism. The control smoothness of SOPs is further improved, indicating that the proposed optimization-learning collaborative mechanism achieves comprehensive enhancements in online computational efficiency, voltage security, operational economy, and control implementability.关键词：flexible distribution network;soft open point (SOP);distributionally robust optimization;model predictive control4|0|0更新时间：2026-11-03
- 摘要：In the electric vehicle business ecosystem, data silos and trust barriers among multiple stakeholders including power grid enterprises, traffic management departments, charging station operators and users hinder the overall optimization of the system. To address this issue, this paper designs and implements a collaboration scheme based on the trusted execution environment (TEE). First, considering the characteristics of all business participants, a trusted computing infrastructure centered on TEE and federated learning algorithms adaptable to various models are devised. This ensures that each participant can train local models on sensitive data locally, while the federated learning initiator aggregates the global intelligent model. Second, a model aggregation weight updating method based on dynamic contribution measurement is proposed to balance the benefits in multi-party collaboration. Finally, parallel comparative simulation scenarios are constructed using public datasets to verify the performance of data collaboration. Simulation results demonstrate that with secure data interaction, the proposed scheme can effectively incentivize users to participate in vehicle-to-grid (V2G), noticeably flatten power grid load profiles, improve charging station utilization, and increase carbon credits.关键词：trusted execution environment (TEE);federated learning;electric vehicle;vehicle-road-grid coupling;charging behavior analysis;cyber-physical system;data element circulation3|0|0更新时间：2026-11-02
- 摘要：In order to balance different time-scale scenarios in the planning of the new distribution system, and considering the operation characteristics of various flexible loads, this article proposes a new source-load-storage coordinated planning method for the distribution system based on multi-time-scale scenarios, which takes into account the responses of multi-dimensional flexible loads. According to the spatiotemporal self-similarity of the load, the planning annual load scenarios are generated, and combined with the wind and solar power output scenarios, a planning scenario generation method based on fractal theory is constructed. Through the sequence segmentation feature representation method, the operation scenarios are generated based on the annual continuous net load curve. Considering three types of flexible loads comprehensively, a source-load-storage coordinated capacity planning model considering the responses of multi-dimensional flexible loads is constructed. The upper layer aims to minimize the investment cost of energy storage capacity, with the installed energy storage capacity serving as a constraint. The lower layer aims to minimize the sum of substation operation and maintenance costs, electricity purchase costs, energy storage operating costs, penalties for curtailed wind and solar power, and demand response compensation costs, with power balance, energy storage, and flexible load operating characteristics serving as constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through case studies of actual regional distribution networks.关键词：distribution network;scenario generation;multi-time scale;flexible load;coordinated planning5|0|0更新时间：2026-11-02
- 摘要：The wide distribution of harmonic pollution sources in modern distribution networks deteriorates the power quality of the entire grid, making coordinated mitigation among multiple converters a research hotspot. However, constrained by the difficulty in accurate sensing of harmonic phasors, high computational complexity, stringent real-time control requirements, as well as challenges in control stability and current over-limit, existing methods can hardly achieve ideal mitigation effects in practical applications. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a comprehensive harmonic mitigation method of distribution networks based on local control of photovoltaic inverters. Combining two local harmonic control strategies, namely the local harmonic current compensation control and harmonic virtual conductance control of converters, the proposed method targets the minimization of global voltage total harmonic distortion. Through mitigation scheme configuration, centralized solution of control commands and real-time correction of harmonic current references, the utilization of the residual capacity of photovoltaic inverters is maximized for harmonic mitigation. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method achieves superior mitigation effects and can comprehensively improve the power quality of distribution networks under varying grid operating conditions.关键词：harmonic mitigation;photovoltaic inverter;distributed network;local control;centralized optimization;current limiting5|0|0更新时间：2026-11-02
- 摘要：In the research on optimal capacity allocation of electric vehicle charging stations, existing studies suffer from conservative characterization of charging load uncertainty and inadequate capacity allocation of charging stations during the operation stage. To address these issues, this paper proposes an optimal capacity allocation method for charging stations considering the correlation of electric vehicle charging station loads. First, the vertex link algorithm is adopted to construct a polyhedral uncertainty set of charging loads, which characterizes the correlation of load variations among different charging stations and reduces the conservativeness of the uncertainty set. Second, to allocate charging station capacity subject to distribution network operation constraints, a capacity curtailment coefficient of charging stations is introduced as a decision variable to limit capacity. A decision dependent uncertainty model of charging loads and a decision dependent robust optimization problem for optimal capacity allocation of charging stations are established. Finally, the improved Benders decomposition algorithm and KKT (Karush-Kuhn-Tucker) conditions are used to solve the optimization problem and obtain the capacity allocation scheme for each charging station. Simulation results demonstrate that considering charging load correlation increases the capacity allocation of charging stations by 4.29% and reduces the operation cost of the distribution network by 11.6%. Compared with the free curtailment strategy, the proportional capacity curtailment strategy avoids the scenario where the difference in capacity reduction ratios among different charging stations exceeds 30%, providing a fair scheme for charging station operation. The free curtailment strategy with bounded differences can further reduce costs while constraining the inter-station curtailment discrepancy, achieving a balance between economy and fairness.关键词：transportation network;distribution network;coupled system;vertex link algorithm;robust optimization;uncertainty;electric vehicle charging station;capacity optimization5|0|0更新时间：2026-11-02
- 摘要：Addressing the challenge that uniform design standards fail to reflect regional risk variations due to the non-stationary evolution of typhoons under climate change, this paper constructs a framework for the medium- to long-term assessment of typhoon disaster risks for distribution network poles and towers. Firstly, a statistical-dynamical hybrid model is constructed using best-track data from the China Meteorological Administration and outputs from the model for interdisciplinary research on climate, version 6 (MIROC6), under the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6), to generate stochastic typhoon event sets. Subsequently, meteorological, geographic, and electrical asset data are integrated into a deep ensemble learning model for a damage prediction model for distribution network poles and towers. Finally, an assessment is conducted based on four shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios for Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China, from 2026 to 2080. The results indicate that, under high-carbon emission scenarios, the intensity of typhoons and wind- and rain-induced disasters increases overall, and the scale of damage to distribution network poles and towers exhibits a nonlinear growth trend. Furthermore, given the evolving characteristics of increasing interannual variability and the inland expansion of high-risk zones, this paper provides a theoretical basis for implementing differentiated protection measures in distribution networks and optimization of disaster prevention resource allocation.关键词：distribution network;typhoon disaster;climate change;deep ensemble learning;medium- to long-term risk assessment3|0|0更新时间：2026-11-02
- 摘要：With the continuously increasing integration capacity and penetration of power electronic sources in new power systems, their adverse impacts on the operating performance of relay protection have become prominent. The reactive power compensation capability of full-converter power electronic sources cannot be fully equivalent to that of synchronous generators, which significantly raises the risk of failure-to-trip for distance protection under internal faults and maloperation under external faults. To address this issue, this paper investigates the applicable boundary of phase-comparison distance protection with the integration of full-converter power electronic sources. A quantitative calculation method for the applicable boundary of distance protection is proposed, which takes protection performance requirements as constraints and targets the upper limit of the integration capacity of power electronic sources (adopted as the evaluation index for the applicable boundary). Furthermore, the dominant factors affecting protection performance are analyzed, and an efficiency improvement method is put forward for the calculation of the applicable boundary. Finally, extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method features high calculation accuracy and fast computation speed, enabling accurate evaluation of the applicable boundary of distance protection.关键词：new power system;power electronic source;line protection;distance protection;positive-sequence voltage polarization;applicable boundary3|0|0更新时间：2026-11-02
- 摘要：With the rapid development of renewable energy, voltage stability problems have become increasingly prominent. In power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy, two types of novel instability phenomena dominated by low voltage ride-through (LVRT) control, i.e., continuous low voltage and voltage oscillation, emerge. Their instability boundaries are difficult to quantify accurately, and effective evaluation methods for stability margins are lacking. To this end, within the power-impedance space, based on the switching characteristics of piecewise P-V curves, this paper firstly analyzes the instability mechanisms of the above-mentioned two instability modes, derives explicit expressions describing boundaries of the two types of instability phenomena, and reveals relationships between instability boundaries and line impedance, renewable energy power, and LVRT control parameters. Secondly, from the dual perspectives of source and grid, the machine-side active power margin index and the grid-side impedance margin index are proposed respectively, which provide computable quantitative criteria for stability margins. Finally, verification by electromagnetic transient simulations in multiple scenarios shows that the proposed boundaries and margin indices can effectively identify instability modes and quantify the degree of margin reduction. Results show that the system voltage stability margin is significantly reduced after taking LVRT control into account, and the reasonable setting of ride-through thresholds and control parameters is conducive to improving system stability.关键词：renewable energy;voltage stability;low voltage ride-through (LVRT);stability index;stability criterion5|0|0更新时间：2026-10-27
- 摘要：To address the accommodation challenges caused by large-scale distributed photovoltaic integration in medium-voltage and low-voltage distribution systems, this paper proposes a reconfigurable converter-formed soft open point (R-SOP) based on asymmetric capacity design and dynamic topology reconfiguration mechanism, so as to construct a heterogeneous flexible interconnection architecture for such systems. This architecture aims to solve the key limitation that traditional soft open point (SOP) cannot adapt to unbalanced source-load characteristics between medium-voltage and low-voltage systems and across regions due to uniform port capacity and fixed topology, enabling accurate on-demand photovoltaic power consumption. The paper first analyzes traditional SOP limitations in port capacity, multi-voltage-level coordination, and regional differentiated response, and further elaborates the proposed R-SOP-based architecture and its photovoltaic accommodation promotion mechanism. Then, distributionally robust photovoltaic accommodation model is built to minimize photovoltaic curtailment, operating costs, and voltage deviation. An adaptability evaluation system covering flexibility, safety, economy, and source-load complexity is also established to quantitatively evaluate the system's accommodation capacity and adaptation level for distributed photovoltaic integration. Finally, simulation verification is conducted in a 155-bus medium-voltage and low-voltage interconnected distribution system. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve photovoltaic consumption capacity, reduce operating costs, improve voltage quality, and achieve good source load adaptability.关键词：reconfigurable soft open point;medium-voltage and low-voltage distribution system;heterogeneous flexible interconnection;distributed photovoltaic accommodation;adaptability analysis;distributionally robust optimization10|0|0更新时间：2026-10-26
- 摘要：To address the lack of available test cases in integrated energy system research, by integrating open data and desensitized data from multiple real-world energy systems, this paper constructs a flexible and scalable integrated energy simulation test system named IES 134, which includes 111 electrical nodes, 100 gas nodes, 104 heat nodes, and 9 cooling nodes. It aims to serve as a public test platform for scientific research in integrated energy systems. First, the general construction principles of the IES 134 system are introduced. Subsequently, the energy-communication network topology and energy node configuration of the IES 134 system are explained. An annual 15-min interval load and renewable energy output time-series datasets, along with testing datasets for abnormal scenarios such as extreme weather and system failures are also provided. The topology, parameters, and operational data of IES 134 system are all available for download on a dedicated website. Finally, the IES 134 system is tested by a variety of steady-state tests, including multi-energy flow calculations, reliability assessment, operational optimization scheduling and state estimation. The results of these tests verify its effectiveness as a benchmark test case.关键词：integrated energy system;public test case;topology structure;time series data;steady-state research22|4|0更新时间：2026-10-26
- 摘要：Against the backdrop of transportation electrification, electric taxis, as an important component of urban public transportation, require accurate modeling and estimation of their charging demand for power system planning and urban energy management. This paper proposes a data-driven probabilistic modeling method for charging load estimation and long-term planning of large-scale electric taxis. First, a hierarchical modeling approach is adopted to capture the uncertainty and randomness of charging demand, encompassing three elements: driver group classification, charging scenario distribution, and charging session parameter modeling. Based on real-world charging data from over 25 000 electric taxis in Shanghai spanning 2023—2024, the agglomerative clustering method is employed to group drivers according to their charging history, identifying 13 driver groups with heterogeneous charging behaviors and preferences, and capturing their differentiated characteristics across various charging scenarios. Next, the probabilistic mixture model is used to characterize the charging session features of each driver group under various external conditions, identifying unique charging patterns within each scenario. Finally, by adjusting the model control parameters representing driver cluster distributions, charging behavior characteristics, and charging scenario probabilities, this paper constructs charging demand estimates for multiple scenarios in Shanghai, including full electrification of the electric taxi fleet and the implementation of charging guidance policies. The proposed method also reconstructs the evolution of electric taxi charging power in Shanghai over the past six years, thereby validating its effectiveness and scalability. This study provides a practical analytical tool for electric taxi operation scheduling, charging infrastructure planning, and smart grid optimization.关键词：electric taxi;transportation electrification;charging demand estimation;heterogeneity in charging behavior;data-driven;probabilistic modeling;clustering analysis;scenario simulation3|0|0更新时间：2026-10-26
- 摘要：To address the dimensional explosion and computational efficiency bottlenecks in time-sequential production simulation under the background of integrating high-proportion renewable energy into the grid, an efficient solution framework based on the improved Benders decomposition is proposed to achieve highly-efficient sequential production simulation for new power systems with high-proportion wind and solar power sources. Firstly, a time-sequential production simulation model considering the multi-resource coordination among source, grid, load, and energy storage is constructed. Then, a preliminary compression of discrete decision variables is performed based on the operation economy efficiency of generating units. Furthermore, a bi-level nested Benders decomposition framework is constructed, in which the outer level is decoupled into two sub-problems of transmission limit violation checking and source-load-storage output optimization, while the inner level is separated into two sub-problems of unit start-up and shut-down decisions and continuous output optimization. Meanwhile, a secondary compression of the optimal search space is realized by incorporating linear relaxation near-optimal solutions. Finally, cutting planes are constructed through the power transfer distribution factor matrix of system to ensure iterative convergence. A case study based on a specific 90-bus provincial power grid system demonstrates that the proposed method can increase sequential production simulation speed while maintaining solution quality.关键词：high-proportion renewable energy;time-sequential production simulation;mixed-integer linear programming;Benders decomposition5|2|0更新时间：2026-10-26
- 摘要：Grid voltage unbalance introduces a double-frequency ripple in the active power output of grid-connected inverters, which further leads to a double-frequency ripple in the inverter DC-link capacitor voltage, affecting both the service life and the control performance of the inverter. In a weak grid, the multi-link interactions between the inverter and the grid are intensified, and conventional methods for calculating the steady-state double-frequency ripple of the DC-link capacitor voltage have deviations, which may lead to improper design of the DC-link capacitor size. To address this issue, the four propagation paths of unbalanced disturbances between the inverter and the weak grid and between the AC and DC systems are first identified. A small-signal mathematical model is then established for each path. By incorporating the grid-connected line equations, a closed-loop small-signal transfer function model is constructed that simultaneously accounts for the phase-locked loop dynamics, the control dynamics of outer power and inner current loops, the DC modulation link, and the impedance characteristics of the weak grid, thereby accurately quantifying the steady-state ripple magnitude of the capacitor voltage after unbalanced disturbances. Furthermore, the influence of key system parameters on the double-frequency ripple in the DC-link capacitor voltage is investigated, and the constraint surface of the DC-link capacitance under the steady-state ripple limit is derived. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed model is validated through simulation analysis and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) experiments.关键词：distribution network;weak grid;grid-connected inverter;unbalanced disturbance;double-frequency ripple;DC capacitor;feasible region16|1|0更新时间：2026-10-26
- 摘要：The offshore wind power hybrid DC transmission scheme with diode rectifier and modular multilevel converter (DR-MMC) exhibits good operational performance and economic efficiency. Since the diode rectifier absorbs a large amount of reactive power and generates high-frequency harmonics, it is necessary to configure AC filters with a capacity of 40% of the diode rectifier capacity on the AC side of the system, which increases the volume and construction cost of the offshore platform. Therefore, the reactive power coordination and voltage support capability of grid-forming wind turbines in the wind farm can be utilized to optimize the allocation of the AC filter capacity. Considering the allocation ratio of grid-forming wind turbines, and taking into account the converter capacity constraints, system harmonic content constraints, small-signal stability constraints, and high/low voltage ride-through requirements, the influence of AC filter capacity variation on system reactive power compensation, harmonic suppression, stability, and AC/DC fault characteristics is analyzed. An AC filter capacity allocation method coordinating the grid-forming wind turbine ratio is proposed. Finally, an electromagnetic transient model and a small-signal model of the offshore wind power hybrid DC transmission system with DR-MMC are established to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.关键词：offshore wind power;DC converter;grid-forming wind turbine;AC filter;small-signal stability;AC/DC fault;capacity allocation8|0|0更新时间：2026-10-26
- 摘要：Committing a certain number of generators is needed to guarantee the transient voltage stability of the receiving-end power system with ultra-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC). However, under the background of the construction of new power system, minimizing the number of generators in operation is an objective requirement to ensure security and stability, so as to promote the integration of UHVDC and renewable energy. Scientifically quantifying the transient voltage stability support capabilities of generators and selecting the generators with better supporting performance are important for the operation of real power system, as well as the optimal location selection of the generators at the planning stage. This paper proposes a sorting method for transient voltage stability support capability of generators considering impedance parameters. This method comprehensively considers two key influencing factors, i.e., the short-circuit current contributed by generators to the fault point and the reactive power support effect on the bus with the slowest voltage recovery during the transient process, and realizes the sorting of the transient voltage support capabilities of generators. Based on the voltage stability benchmark system proposed by Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering-Voltage Stability (CSEE-VS) and the actual system data of Hunan Power Grid, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.关键词：transient voltage stability;support capability;impedance parameter;sorting method;transfer impedance;electrical distance6|0|0更新时间：2026-10-23
- 摘要：Induction motors constitute a high proportion of loads in receiving-end systems, and that they absorb large amount of reactive power after faults would induce transient voltage instability. The access of distributed renewable energy (DRE) provides a novel approach to addressing this kind of transient voltage instability issue. By analyzing the changes in the transient voltage stability (TVS) boundary after the access of DRE, this paper deeply reveals the mechanism of DRE to improve the TVS in receiving-end systems. The impact rules of low voltage ride- through (LVRT) parameters, capacity and location of DRE on TVS are also analyzed. The validity of the conclusions is verified through electromagnetic transient simulations. The proposed theory and method clarify the mechanism of DRE to improve TVS, and further provide a theoretical basis for improving the TVS of practical systems.关键词：transient voltage stability;induction motor;distributed renewable energy (DRE);receiving-end system7|0|0更新时间：2026-10-22
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Bi-layer Power Coordinated Control of Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Dynamic Modal Adjustment
摘要：In a wind-storage combined system, to rationally allocate the power of a hybrid energy storage system while optimizing the operating state of storage elements, a bi-layer power coordinated control strategy based on dynamic modal adjustment is proposed. Firstly, to improve the adaptability of fixed mode decomposition to the characteristics of non-stationary wind power on the premise of ensuring that the grid-connected power is as large as possible, a storage power acquisition method based on dynamic modal adjustment is proposed. Secondly, taking into account the frequency characteristics of power and the power response characteristics of storage units, a bi-layer power allocation strategy for the energy storage system is constructed. In the signal decomposition layer, based on an improved grey wolf optimization algorithm, an adaptive optimization method for the two key parameters of variational mode decomposition is proposed. Meanwhile, the energy entropy index is employed to quantify the energy distribution characteristics of each intrinsic mode function, and an initial power allocation criterion accounting for frequency response characteristics of the battery and supercapacitor is determined. In the power correction layer, the charging and discharging power of the battery and supercapacitor is secondarily corrected from two aspects of charging and discharging consistency and the operating range of the state of charge, so as to suppress invalid energy interactions and the risk of deep charging and discharging of the battery. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can achieve reasonable allocation of storage power in wind power fluctuation scenarios and optimize the operating state of storage elements, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.关键词：hybrid energy storage system;variational mode decomposition (VMD);improved grey wolf optimization;energy entropy;power control;charging and discharging consistency;state of charge (SOC)7|0|0更新时间：2026-10-22 - 摘要：To address the problem of difficulty to simultaneously achieve the accuracy and efficiency of transient voltage stability assessment in power systems under high penetration of renewable energy, this paper proposes a transient voltage stability assessment method integrating the adaptive mesh grid-refinement collocation method and probabilistic transformation. First, the vine Copula function is adopted to establish the joint probability density function of output power of wind farms and photovoltaic power stations, to accurately characterize the probability distribution of output power of renewable energy stations and the correlation between various renewable energy stations. Second, based on the adaptive mesh grid-refinement collocation method, the polynomial expression of transient voltage stability margin is derived, and the transient voltage stability region boundary is further constructed. On this basis, the probabilistic transformation method is used to solve the probability density distribution of transient voltage stability margin and the voltage instability probability. Finally, simulation verification is carried out on the modified 39-bus system and the modified 2 000-bus system. The results show that the proposed method has superior accuracy and high computational efficiency.关键词：renewable energy;collocation method;transient voltage stability;stability region;probabilistic transformation;probabilistic stability assessment7|0|0更新时间：2026-10-20
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