最新刊期
卷 49 ， 期 19 ， 2025
- 摘要：Actively promoting the participation of renewable energy in electricity markets and leveraging market-based mechanisms to accommodate renewable energy are crucial pathways for constructing a new power system and achieving the goal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality. Therefore, this paper first summarizes the practical experiences of China’s renewable energy market participation and the outcomes of pilot programs in regional electricity spot markets. Furthermore, the key issues facing the participation of renewable energy in electricity markets are sorted out. Finally, from the perspectives of enhancing renewable energy accommodation, ensuring reasonable revenue, and reducing regulation costs, this paper proposes recommendations to promote China’s renewable energy participation in electricity markets.关键词：renewable energy accommodation;electricity market;spot market;new power system;mechanism design0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：Virtual power plants aggregate massive distributed resources. With varying demands and preferences, the resources have higher requirements for transaction transparency, fairness, privacy, and real-time processing. Efficient operation of virtual power plants requires the creation of a low-trust-cost trading environment. This paper focuses on the trusted trading of virtual power plants. Firstly, it analyzes the trading modes of virtual power plants from two perspectives: the current market participation and the organizational structure of trading. Secondly, it outlines the core characteristics (transparency, fairness, security, and efficiency) and construction paths for trusted trading. Combined with the typical trading process of virtual power plants, the technical challenges of trusted trading of virtual power plant are analyzed. Thirdly, in response to these technical challenges, solutions for trusted trading of virtual power plant are proposed from four aspects: identity verification and market access, communication security and data management, market mechanisms and trading strategy design, and the design of automated trading processes and platforms. Finally, this paper prospects the key technologies that will continue to support the trusted trading of virtual power plants in the future.关键词：distributed resource;electricity market;virtual power plant;trusted trading;blockchain;privacy protection;mechanism design0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：Since its inception in 2014, the European unified electricity market has experienced multiple market decoupling incidents. With ongoing energy structure adjustments and market expansion, the frequency of such events has risen significantly, leading to price volatility, altered market participant behaviors, and potential power grid security risks. This paper presents the latest developments in the European electricity market and major changes to the intraday coupling market mechanism. It systematically reviews recent decoupling incidents and their root causes, with a particular focus on analyzing the causality of the decoupling incident in European Power Exchange Spot (EPEX SPOT) on June 25, 2024. The study reveals that platform technical failures, inadequate market alignment mechanism, and human operational errors constitute the primary causes. Considering the current development stage of China’s national unified electricity market, this paper proposes mitigation measures including strengthening technical support systems, optimizing market mechanism design, and enhancing operation and maintenance management. These recommendations aim to prevent similar decoupling incidents and ensure market security and stability.关键词：electricity market;market decoupling;spot market;trading platform;single day-ahead coupling (SDAC);single intraday coupling (SIDC);intraday auction (IDA)0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
Review·Perspective
- 摘要：The existing carbon trading mechanism adopts the fixed price to portray the trading behaviors of single interest subject, which is unable to reflect the competitive relationship of multiple interest subjects in the carbon market, and is difficult to accurately express the characteristics of carbon emission in the park-level integrated energy system (PIES) to effectively guide the users to save energy and reduce carbon emission. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a low-carbon optimal dispatch model based on Nash bargaining model. Firstly, an extended carbon emission flow model considering energy storage equipment is constructed to realize the accurate description of the carbon emission flow path in the whole process of source-grid-load-storage in PIES. Based on this, a demand response model based on the pricing mechanism of node carbon potential is constructed within the park, and the spatial and temporal distribution differences of the node carbon potentials are used to guide users to change their electricity consumption behaviors, which achieves energy saving and emission reduction. Secondly, a Nash bargaining model is used between multiple parks to depict the gaming behaviors of each interest subject participating in the carbon trading market based on the idea of cooperative gaming. Finally, through the analysis of a test system consisting of 14-bus power grid, 6-node heat network and 6-node natural gas network (E14-H6-G6), it is verified that the proposed model can effectively portray the competitive relationship of the game, in which each interest subject participates in the carbon trading market and utilizes the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the nodal carbon potentials to guide the users to save energy and reduce emissions, so as to improve the low-carbon nature of the PIES operation.关键词：park-level integrated energy system;low-carbon optimal scheduling;carbon emission flow;nodal carbon potential;carbon trading;Nash bargaining model0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：With the increasing popularity of renewable energy sources (RESs), traditional integrated energy systems are transforming into low-carbon integrated energy systems (LCIES). However, compared with traditional electricity, there is no clear model for the quality and cost of electricity that explicitly considers the uncertainty of RES generation, which makes the low-cost and high-efficiency operation of LCIES more complex. To address this challenge, an analysis method based on the entropy theory is proposed to quantify the uncertainty cost and efficiency of RES generation. Firstly, an equivalent fuel cost model is proposed, which establishes the connection between the energy layer and the information layer, and equivalently quantifies the information cost of eliminating the uncertainty of RES. On this basis, the information energy quality coefficient is established by using the entropy theory to analyze the energy quality of RES. Finally, a fully distributed optimization algorithm based on neural dynamics is proposed to perform multi-objective optimization of cost and energy efficiency within LCIES. The simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed method in improving the energy efficiency and economy of the system.关键词：information entropy;energy quality;efficiency analysis;cost optimization;low-carbon integrated energy system;renewable energy system;uncertainty0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
Power Energy Transition for Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality
- 摘要：The embedded direct current (DC) transmission technology has significantly enhanced the transmission capacity and power flow controllability of power systems. Against the backdrop of the gradually increasing proportion of wind power, this technology contributes to improving the scheduling economy and reliability. A continuous-time day-ahead scheduling method of the power system with embedded DC transmission lines is proposed to fully exploit the regulation potential of embedded DC transmission lines. First, based on the continuous-time modeling approach, a scheduling model is developed to capture the dynamic characteristics of transmission lines within the scheduling horizon. Subsequently, a customized reformulation method is designed to address the inherent non-convexity and non-linearity issues of the model. By employing the techniques such as variable substitution, model convexification, and Bernstein polynomial transformations, the infinite-dimensional nonlinear model is reformulated into a finite-dimensional mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) model, realizing the highly efficient solution of the model. The calculation results of case studies demonstrate that the proposed method can more efficiently utilize the transmission capabilities of embedded DC transmission lines, optimizes the scheduling plan of thermal units, thereby reducing the scheduling costs significantly while enhancing the reliability compared with existing methods.关键词：direct current (DC) transmission;continuous-time modeling;mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP);stochastic optimization;day-ahead scheduling0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：With the large-scale integration of distributed resources into the active distribution network, internal uncertainties of the active distribution network increase. To establish an accurate dispatch model, the uncertainty of photovoltaic output and the randomness of load are described as the uncertainty of corresponding prediction errors, and the probability distribution of uncertain variables is obtained through data-driven methods. Considering that the power flow model based on second-order cone relaxation (SOCR) may violate relaxation constraints and introduce errors, the power flow model is re-derived based on the Euler equations, thereby further establishing a stochastic optimal power dispatch model for active distribution networks that is both economical and secure. Aiming at the characteristics of the proposed model, this paper presents a real-time stochastic dispatch method for active distribution networks using fuzzy neural network (FNN) pre-decision. First, the FNN is employed to provide a fuzzy description of the probability distribution of uncertain variables, and its output is used as the initial value for solver optimization. Then, the solver is utilized to accelerate the solution process. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and method is validated through a modified IEEE 33-bus system.关键词：active distribution network;real-time stochastic dispatch;data-driven;power flow;fuzzy neural network;uncertainty0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：With the gradual increase of the penetration rate of renewable energy in the power grid, the problem of insufficient system adequacy has become more and more prominent. The necessity of coordinating the interruptible load on the distribution side and implementing adequacy control to support the system adequacy has greatly increased. To this end, the paper firstly analyzes the source of the distribution network adequacy problem, focuses on the load peak rebound characteristics triggered by shifting the peak of the load curve to other time periods due to the overlap of the interruptible load restoration time periods after the demand response, and establishes the corresponding scheduling decision completion indices of the distribution network adequacy. Secondly, in order to fully stimulate the adequacy preservation potential on the demand side, a response willingness representation method is designed based on user characteristics to portray the response prices of various users. Then, considering uncertainty of the adequacy event sequence and distributed photovoltaic, an adequacy preservation risk cost considering user response willingness is constructed and a two-phase optimal scheduling strategy for the distribution network considering the adequacy preservation is proposed. In the day-ahead phase, the capacity and electricity reserve contract decisions are optimized with the objective function of minimizing the adequacy preservation risk cost. In the intraday phase, the power and electricity reserve execution decisions are optimized based on the day-ahead signing decisions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed two-phase optimization strategy is verified through case analysis of IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 123-bus systems.关键词：distribution network;adequacy;load peak rebound;risk cost;demand response;user response willingness0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：Aiming at the problem of cyber-physical coupling failures faced by distribution network in extreme weather, a fast restoration strategy for cyber-physical failures in distribution network is proposed. Firstly, the problem of emergency power restoration in the case of communication network failure is solved, and the topology of distribution network is simplified by introducing the communication blind zone cluster equivalent method. The fast load restoration decision based on the existing information is realized. Secondly, through the multi-service communication network fusion and network slicing technology of the distribution network before disaster, the utilization of communication resources is optimized, the self-restoration ability of the network is enhanced, the communication blind zone is effectively reduced, and the perception and control ability of the main distribution station is improved. Then, the method of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to inspect power facilities of distribution network and control line disconnection is proposed. Considering the flight distance and endurance of UAV, the dispatching path of UAV is optimized, thus reducing the risk and time cost of personnel going to the scene during disasters. Through the coordination of the above strategies, the proposed restoration method can quickly and effectively restore the power supply of the distribution network after the occurrence of the cyber-physical failures caused by extreme weather. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a case of improved PG&E 69-bus distribution network test system.关键词：distribution network;resilience;communication blind zone;extreme weather;cyber-physical coupling failure;load restoration0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：A large number of distributed photovoltaic and electric vehicle charging piles access in the multi-terminal DC interconnected system of the distribution network. This results in a high power-electronization and strong uncertainty of the system, which brings serious challenges to the stable operation of the system. To analyze the impact of source-load uncertainty on the stability of the multi-terminal DC interconnected system, this paper proposes a probabilistic impedance modeling method considering the source-load uncertainty. The analysis of the system stability probability is achieved through the starting function fitting based on the moment information. Then the influence of the grid parameters and the control parameters of the power electronic equipment on the probability characteristics of the system stability is analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation compared with Monte Carlo method.关键词：distribution network;multi-terminal DC interconnected system;uncertainty;probabilistic impedance modeling;stability probability;moment information0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：With the large-scale integration of renewable energy into the power grid, many countries have put forward new grid-connection requirements and market service guidelines for their inertia response capabilities. Accurately evaluating the equivalent inertia of renewable energy can determine whether it meets grid-connection requirements and facilitate market settlement. To this end, based on the inertia response testing standards, a parameter identification of fixed-order model based renewable energy equivalent inertia evaluation method with damping simulation is proposed. First, the differentiated synchronous machine swing equation is transformed via z-transform to obtain a fixed-order auto-regressive with extra inputs (ARX) model with power and frequency variations. Then, the adaptive variable forgetting factor recursive least squares method is used to identify the model parameters and achieve the continuous evaluation of the equivalent inertia time constant. Finally, through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform, the proposed method is evaluated and validated under different inertia and damping control parameters. The results indicate that the proposed method can accurately evaluate the equivalent inertia of renewable energy under different control parameters.关键词：renewable energy;inertia response;testing standard;equivalent inertia;fixed-order model;parameter evaluation0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：The power system stabilizer (PSS) takes the rotate speed deviation of the synchronous generator as input, improves the system damping, and indirectly changes the load voltage and its active power consumption, thereby affecting the system frequency. This coupling process is particularly significant in the power system with renewable energy, large frequency fluctuations and high voltage-sensitive loads. To reveal the influence mechanism of voltage-active power coupling process on system frequency stability, a frequency response model for the power system with renewable energy considering voltage-active power coupling characteristics is proposed. First, the applicability and limitations of frequency response models for the traditional power system are analyzed, and the influence path of voltage changes on system frequency is characterized. It is found that the main influencing factors are PSS, power grid, and load. Then, a voltage-active power coupling model with PSS is constructed, and the differential gain parameters of the voltage-active power coupling model are quantified by using the small disturbance linearization method. The problem of characterizing the model response speed caused by the voltage delay effect between the source and load is considered. Based on the auxiliary model least-square method, the time constant of the voltage-active power coupling model is fitted, and the system frequency response model and its analytical solution considering the voltage-active power coupling characteristics are obtained. The influence of the voltage-active power parameters on the frequency stability index is analyzed. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model are verified through the modified WECC-9 node testing system and an actual power grid case.关键词：renewable energy;frequency response;voltage-active power coupling;power system stabilizer (PSS)0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：The transient voltage fluctuation caused by repeated low voltage ride-through (LVRT) of direct-drive wind turbines is a new phenomenon observed in power system operation. It may trigger large-scale off-grid of wind turbines, severely threatening system security and stability. To address this new transient voltage fluctuation problem, an active suppression method based on on-line grid parameter identification is proposed. First, starting from the analysis of control switching characteristics of wind turbines, the mechanism of transient voltage fluctuations caused by repeated LVRT is illustrated. Then, an active adjustment method for wind turbines is proposed, which combines reducing the threshold of LVRT and adjusting the active and reactive power output. By blocking the switching path that enters LVRT again during recovery, effective suppression of transient voltage fluctuations is achieved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation and a comparative analysis against existing methods is conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can prevent wind turbines from re-triggering LVRT after fault clearance, suppress transient voltage fluctuations while avoiding turbine off-grid, thus effectively maintaining equipment security and system stability.关键词：low voltage ride-through;direct-drive wind turbine;transient voltage fluctuation;stability;parameter identification;active suppression0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：In the regional electricity spot market, the execution curve of cross-provincial priority plans will serve as the market boundary to affect the clearing results. How to decompose and form the execution curve is a key issue. At present, the decomposition of execution curve of cross-provincial priority plans does not account for system operation boundaries, which may lead to no feasible solutions for the regional spot clearing model due to conflicts in system security operation constraints. To this end, a decomposition method of electricity quantity constraints for cross-provincial priority plans in regional spot markets is proposed and an in-depth analysis of its price characteristics is conducted. First, the inter-temporal electricity quantity constraints are constructed in the regional spot clearing model, and an “implicit” curve decomposition is performed on the cross-provincial priority plans while considering the system security constraints. Then, characteristics of the reduction of energy price differences between the sending-end and receiving-end provinces during various periods caused by electricity quantity constraints are derived and demonstrated. Combined with the actual operation scenarios of the system, the physical connotation of the coupling effect of clearing results during each period caused by electricity quantity constraints is explained, namely the “inter-temporal pricing phenomenon”. Finally, calculations are conducted by using a spot clearing simulation model in the southern region and simulated operation data. It is demonstrated that the proposed decomposition method of electricity quantity constraints for cross-provincial priority plans can take into account the system security operation constraints to optimize the decomposition of cross-provincial electricity quantities during each period. When the electricity quantity constraints reach the boundary, the energy price differences between the sending-end and receiving-end provinces during each period are smaller than the cross-provincial transmission prices. Based on theoretical analysis and simulation verification results, suggestions are proposed for the implementation mechanism of cross-provincial priority plans.关键词：electricity market;regional spot market;cross-provincial priority plan;curve decomposition;price characteristic;electricity quantity constraint0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：The power system measurements have leverage and strongly influential bad data, which causes deviations in state estimation results because they are difficult to identify. To improve the accuracy of state estimation, an improved adaptive kernel density state estimation method is proposed. This method employs the projection statistics and standardized residuals to achieve the accurate identification of both leverage and non-leverage bad data. Subsequently, based on the identification results of bad data, leverage and strongly influential data, the measurement weights are adaptively adjusted, and the calculation of measurement kernel bandwidth is optimized to eliminate the influences of bad data. Case study results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly reduce misidentification rates, and its calculation speed can meet the real-time engineering requirements.关键词：state estimation;leverage data;strongly influential data;adaptive kernel density;projection statistics0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
Basic Research
- 摘要：The basin hydro-wind-solar clean energy base requires cross-regional power transmission to multiple provinces (municipalities). However, various load characteristics among provincial power grids and the continuous extremely high output of renewable energy for several days can easily lead to imbalanced peak shaving and even systemic regulation difficulties, resulting in the risk of power curtailment. To address these issues, a mid-term scheduling method is proposed for basin hydro-wind-solar systems coupled with intraday load characteristics of multiple receiving ends. First, a peak-flat-valley time division model is constructed and solved by using a variable-step search strategy. Five load characteristic indicators are integrated to accurately describe the divergent load characteristics of power grids with multiple receiving ends. A load demand reconstruction model at the receiving end is then established based on the principle of minimizing differences in characteristic indicators. Secondly, a multi-objective short-mid-term nested scheduling model is developed to maximize power generation while minimizing power deviation, determining both multi-day power delivery targets and intraday transmission schedules. Finally, leveraging the practical project from a large-scale hydro-wind-solar base in Southwest China and its seven receiving provinces (municipalities), the proposed method is validated through the analysis of two extreme scenarios of continuous extremely high output of wind-solar energy for several days during dry and flood seasons. The effectiveness of the proposed method in responding to load characteristics at the receiving end and reducing power curtailment is validated.关键词：basin hydro-wind-solar integrated system;load;multi-energy complementarity;scheduling0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：Aiming at the load transfer problem of AC/DC hybrid distribution network with flexible substation, a power instruction generation strategy of the flexible substation considering the power supply reliability and operation economy of the distribution network is proposed to minimize the impact of loop-closing and loop-opening operations on the distribution network during the load transfer. Combined with the structural characteristics of AC/DC hybrid distribution network and the operation mode of flexible substations, in various operation stages of load transfer, the minimum voltage difference on both sides of the loop-closing point, the minimum power flowing through the loop-opening point and the minimum overall voltage deviation are taken as the objectives, respectively. At the same time, considering the renewable energy generation equipment, energy storage system and demand response constraints at the DC side of DC distribution network, a power instruction optimization strategy of the flexible substation based on the phase angle relaxation power flow model is established. Finally, taking an actual distribution system and the IEEE 33-bus distribution system with flexible substations as cases, the optimization is performed in various scenarios, i.e. before loop-closing, before loop-opening, and after loop-opening, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.关键词：distribution network;flexible substation;power instruction;load transfer;loop-closing;loop-opening0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
- 摘要：Distributed travelling wave devices along the transmission lines need to be paired and can only perform multi-terminal fault location that strictly relies on time clock synchronization. Single measuring point cannot independently identify fault section or locate fault. In order to solve the drawbacks, this paper proposes a fault section identification and fault location algorithm for transmission lines using current travelling waves at single measuring point. Firstly, by analyzing the the topological features of multiple connection lines at both ends of the transmission lines, it is found that the relative polarity determined by such topological type can be used to identify the properties of the subsequent current travelling waves at a single measuring point. Furthermore, the essential difference between the fault section and the sound section is found, i.e., whether there is fault point reflection after the travelling wave enters the section. The transmission line is divided into two sections of unequal length by using measuring point along the line, and the wave impedance at the measuring point is continuous. Wavefronts are identified according to the relative polarity and inherent arrival time differences of travelling waves in the sections, ultimately achieving fault section identification and single-ended fault location. Massive data of actual measurement and simulation tests demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The method is not affected by various fault types and transition resistances and has no dead zones. The installation positions of the traveling wave measuring points are flexible.关键词：transmission line;travelling wave;measuring point;inherent time difference;fault section identification;fault location0|0|0更新时间：2026-02-28
Application Research
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