Pilot Trap Under Triple Constraints: Dilemmas of V2G Large-scale Application in North America and Lessons for China

HUANG Yuxiang; XU Xingyuan; CHEN Haoyong; ZHANG Xiaoping

doi:10.7500/AEPS20251128001

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Pilot Trap Under Triple Constraints: Dilemmas of V2G Large-scale Application in North America and Lessons for China

Key Technologies and Practical Applications of Vehicle\-to\-Grid in New Power System | 更新时间：2026-08-21

- Pilot Trap Under Triple Constraints: Dilemmas of V2G Large-scale Application in North America and Lessons for China
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Vol. 50, Issue 15, Pages: 89-105(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.广州发展集团股份有限公司，广东省广州市 510623
  2.华南理工大学电力学院，广东省广州市 510640
  3.广州发展集团研究院有限公司，广东省广州市 511466
  4.英国伯明翰大学电子电气与系统工程系，伯明翰 B15 2TT，英国
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2403500)
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20251128001
  CLC：
- Received：28 November 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-05-08，
  
  Online First：03 July 2026，
  
  Published：10 August 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
黄宇翔,许星原,陈皓勇等.三重制约下的试点陷阱：北美V2G规模化应用困境及中国镜鉴[J].电力系统自动化,2026,50(15):89-105.

HUANG Yuxiang,XU Xingyuan,CHEN Haoyong,et al.Pilot Trap Under Triple Constraints: Dilemmas of V2G Large-scale Application in North America and Lessons for China[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2026,50(15):89-105.
黄宇翔,许星原,陈皓勇等.三重制约下的试点陷阱：北美V2G规模化应用困境及中国镜鉴[J].电力系统自动化,2026,50(15):89-105. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20251128001.

HUANG Yuxiang,XU Xingyuan,CHEN Haoyong,et al.Pilot Trap Under Triple Constraints: Dilemmas of V2G Large-scale Application in North America and Lessons for China[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2026,50(15):89-105. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20251128001.

摘要

车网互动（V2G）技术是提升电网灵活性、促进新能源消纳的关键路径。中国虽在V2G技术验证上取得显著进展，但仍面临商业化推广的规模瓶颈。文中以北美近30年的V2G探索历程为镜鉴，识别出制度碎片化、市场机制失配、能力断层这“三重制约”因素及其相互作用形成的“试点陷阱”，并通过加利福尼亚州、得克萨斯州和纽约州的典型案例揭示了其在不同制度环境下的失效机制。研究表明，技术成熟并不能自动转化为市场成功。针对中国情境，提出将体制优势转化为技术架构优势，构建基于统一标准的“云-管-边-端”V2G协同控制架构，以解决跨区域协调与数据孤岛问题；并进一步提出了“商用先行、公务示范、民用跟进”的差异化实施路径，以及换电模式与双向充电协同的技术发展策略。所得研究结论警示了单纯依赖政策推动的局限性，为中国V2G从试点走向规模化提供了系统性的理论参考与实施框架。

Abstract

The vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is a critical pathway for enhancing grid flexibility and promoting renewable energy accommodation. Although China has made significant progress in technological verification of V2G

it still faces bottlenecks in commercial promotion. Drawing on North America’s nearly three-decade exploration as a mirror

this paper identifies the “pilot trap” formed by the interplay of triple constraints—institutional fragmentation

market mechanism misalignment

and capability gaps. These constraints are empirically examined through case studies of California

Texas

and New York

revealing their failure mechanisms under different institutional contexts. The study indicates that technological maturity does not automatically translate into market success. For the Chinese context

this paper proposes transforming institutional strengths into technological architecture advantages by building a unified standard based “cloud-pipe-edge-device” hierarchical coordinated control architecture for V2G to address cross-regional coordination and data silo issues. This paper further proposes a differentiated implementation path of “commercial use first

official demonstration

and civilian adoption later”

along with a technical development strategy emphasizing the synergy between battery swapping and bidirectional charging. The findings caution against the limitations of policy-driven approaches and offer a systematic theoretical reference and implementation framework for V2G in China from pilot projects to large-scale application

关键词

Keywords

references

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