Transient Stability Analysis and Optimization of Grid-following/Grid-forming Hybrid Systems Based on Damping Energy Visualization

YANG Sheng; WU Chao; WANG Yong; ZHU Zexiang; FU Chao

doi:10.7500/AEPS20250815006

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Transient Stability Analysis and Optimization of Grid-following/Grid-forming Hybrid Systems Based on Damping Energy Visualization

Grid-forming Technology | 更新时间：2026-11-04

- Transient Stability Analysis and Optimization of Grid-following/Grid-forming Hybrid Systems Based on Damping Energy Visualization
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Vol. 50, Issue 21, Pages: 40-52(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海交通大学电气工程学院，上海市 200240
  2.南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司，广东省广州市 525299
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  Smart Grid-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0801200)
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20250815006
  CLC：
- Received：15 August 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-01-07，
  
  Online First：24 April 2026，
  
  Published：10 November 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨胜,吴超,王勇等.基于阻尼能量可视化的跟/构网混合系统暂态稳定分析和优化[J].电力系统自动化,2026,50(21):40-52.

YANG Sheng,WU Chao,WANG Yong,et al.Transient Stability Analysis and Optimization of Grid-following/Grid-forming Hybrid Systems Based on Damping Energy Visualization[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2026,50(21):40-52.
杨胜,吴超,王勇等.基于阻尼能量可视化的跟/构网混合系统暂态稳定分析和优化[J].电力系统自动化,2026,50(21):40-52. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20250815006.

YANG Sheng,WU Chao,WANG Yong,et al.Transient Stability Analysis and Optimization of Grid-following/Grid-forming Hybrid Systems Based on Damping Energy Visualization[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2026,50(21):40-52. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20250815006.

摘要

随着基于跟网型变流器并网的新能源装机容量不断升高，局部电网的惯量和电压强度显著下降，需要配套构网型储能对电网进行支撑。因此，局部电网会形成跟网与构网型变流器混合的新能源系统。不同于传统的同步发电机组，跟网和构网型变流器的同步转矩和阻尼系数均为非线性，使得同步过程更为复杂，阻碍了多变流器系统的暂态稳定分析。为此，文中基于功角耦合的运动方程，建立了表征双机系统频率和功角差的三阶暂态同步方程，用于描述跟/构网混合系统孤岛运行时的动态过程。混合系统离网运行时，负荷变化会引起系统稳态频率的偏移，而当频率偏移的正负不同时，变流器阻尼的作用效果相反，导致暂态稳定特征出现差异。为揭示阻尼系数对于暂态稳定的影响机理，文中通过定制的相平面图将暂态阻尼能量可视化，从物理和直观的角度更好地理解阻尼效应的作用。在此基础上，提出一种阻尼自适应提升策略，可自适应改进阻尼系数进而提升系统暂态稳定性。最后，仿真结果验证了暂态稳定分析的正确性和所提控制策略的有效性。

Abstract

With the continuous increase in the installed capacity of renewable energy integrated through grid-following converters

the inertia and voltage strength of local power grids have significantly declined

necessitating the deployment of grid-forming energy storage systems to provide grid support. Therefore

local power grids are transitioning to hybrid renewable energy systems that combine grid-following and grid-forming converters. Unlike conventional synchronous generators

the synchronous torque and damping coefficients of these grid-following and grid-forming converters are nonlinear

which complicates the synchronization process and hinders the transient stability analysis in multi-converter systems. To this end

based on the motion equations of power-angle coupling

a third-order transient synchronization equation characterizing frequency and power-angle difference of a two-machine system is established to describe the dynamic process of grid-following/grid-forming hybrid systems under islanded operation. When the hybrid system operates in off-grid mode

load changes can cause steady-state frequency deviations of the system. However

when the positive and negative signs of the frequency deviation are different

the damping effect of the converters is opposite

resulting in differences in transient stability characteristics. To illustrate the influence mechanism of damping coefficients on transient stability

a customized phase-plane diagram is developed to visualize the transient damping energy

providing an intuitive and physical interpretation of the damping effect. On this basis

an adaptive damping enhancement strategy is proposed to adjust the damping coefficient adaptively

thereby further enhancing the system transient stability. Finally

simulation results validate the correctness of the transient stability analysis and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

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references

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