Demonstration of Dynamic Capacity Allocation and Rapid Response for Virtual Power Plants Integrated with Aggregated Photovoltaic-Energy Storage Battery Swapping Station

LI Xiaoping; WANG Hongbo; SHAO Lizheng; WANG Guanxiong; WANG Junke; GAO Hongchao

doi:10.7500/AEPS20250812007

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Demonstration of Dynamic Capacity Allocation and Rapid Response for Virtual Power Plants Integrated with Aggregated Photovoltaic-Energy Storage Battery Swapping Station

Special Session on Virtual Power Plant with Enormous Flexible Resources | 更新时间：2026-02-28

- Demonstration of Dynamic Capacity Allocation and Rapid Response for Virtual Power Plants Integrated with Aggregated Photovoltaic-Energy Storage Battery Swapping Station
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Vol. 49, Issue 20, Pages: 161-173(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.国网湖北省电力有限公司，湖北省武汉市 430048
  2.清华四川能源互联网研究院，四川省成都市 610213
  3.上海蔚来汽车有限公司，上海市 201103
  4.新型电力系统运行与控制全国重点实验室（清华大学），北京市 100084
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2401200);State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co., Ltd(521505240005)
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20250812007
  CLC：
- Received：12 August 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-09-05，
  
  Online First：15 September 2025，
  
  Published：25 October 2025
- 稿件说明：
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李小平,汪红波,邵立政等.聚合光储换电站的虚拟电厂容量动态调配与快速响应实证[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(20):161-173.

LI Xiaoping,WANG Hongbo,SHAO Lizheng,et al.Demonstration of Dynamic Capacity Allocation and Rapid Response for Virtual Power Plants Integrated with Aggregated Photovoltaic-Energy Storage Battery Swapping Station[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(20):161-173.
李小平,汪红波,邵立政等.聚合光储换电站的虚拟电厂容量动态调配与快速响应实证[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(20):161-173. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20250812007.

LI Xiaoping,WANG Hongbo,SHAO Lizheng,et al.Demonstration of Dynamic Capacity Allocation and Rapid Response for Virtual Power Plants Integrated with Aggregated Photovoltaic-Energy Storage Battery Swapping Station[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(20):161-173. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20250812007.

摘要

随着新型电力系统主配网协同运营不断加深，虚拟电厂在多级电网的响应需求呈现出立体化发展态势，有限聚合容量的动态调配问题成为关键。针对传统等比例调配方法带来的资源对象占用率高、资源利用效率低、多时序协同困难等问题，以聚合光储换电站虚拟电厂为研究对象，在动态构建中引入自下而上的异质资源容量调配方法，实现“少资源、高效率”的响应策略。首先，构建了考虑聚合容量动态边界的光储换电站线性建模框架；然后，基于闵可夫斯基和及近似求解方法，实现异质资源的可行域规范提取；最后，以个体可行域最大利用为目标，建立基于可行域仿射变换的双层规划动态调配模型，采用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件与McCormick凸包络松弛方法，将原非确定性多项式问题重构为线性优化问题，显著提升虚拟电厂构建过程的求解效率。在此基础上，考虑调控指令的高频波动性及换电站运行状态参数的时变性，提出一种二次调频实时控制的动态调控策略，以实现从“离线容量调配”到“在线动态调控”的闭环联动。基于中国湖北电网进行验证场景搭建，验证了所提策略在工程实践中的可行性与有效性。

Abstract

As the coordinated operation of main grids and distribution networks in new power systems continues to deepen

the response demands of virtual power plants (VPPs) in multi-level power grids are showing a multi-dimensional development trend

making the dynamic allocation of limited aggregated capacity pivotal. To address the problems of high resource occupancy rates

low utilization efficiency

and difficulties in multi-time-series coordination caused by traditional proportional allocation methods

this paper takes VPPs integrated with aggregated photovoltaic-energy storage battery swapping station (BSS) as its research object. A bottom-up capacity allocation method for heterogeneous resources is introduced in the dynamic construction to achieve a “low-resource

high-efficiency” response strategy. First

this paper constructs a linear modeling framework for a photovoltaic-energy storage BSS

considering the dynamic boundaries of aggregated capacity. Then

based on Minkowski sum and approximation techniques

the normative extraction of feasibility regions for heterogeneous resources is realized. Finally

with the objective of maximizing the utilization of individual feasibility regions

a bi-level planning dynamic allocation model is established based on the affine transformations of feasibility regions. The original non-deterministic polynomial problem is reformulated into a linear optimization problem by employing Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions and the McCormick convex envelope relaxation method

which significantly improves the solution efficiency of the VPP construction process. On this basis

considering the high-frequency volatility of regulation commands and the time-varying operational parameters of swapping stations

a dynamic regulation strategy for real-time secondary frequency regulation is proposed to achieve a closed-loop linkage from “offline capacity allocation” to “online dynamic regulation”. A validation scenario is established based on Hubei power grid in China to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategy in engineering practice.

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Keywords

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