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1.南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司,广东省广州市 510663
2.新型电力系统运行与控制全国重点实验室(清华大学),北京市 100084
3.深圳供电局有限公司,广东省深圳市 518000
Received:10 June 2025,
Revised:2025-07-13,
Online First:02 September 2025,
Published:25 October 2025
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ZHOU Baorong,GAO Hongchao,CHENG Renli,et al.Technical System Construction for Virtual Power Plants from First Principles Perspective[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(20):3-15.
周保荣,高洪超,程韧俐等.第一性原理视角下虚拟电厂的技术体系构建[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(20):3-15. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20250610009.
ZHOU Baorong,GAO Hongchao,CHENG Renli,et al.Technical System Construction for Virtual Power Plants from First Principles Perspective[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(20):3-15. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20250610009.
需求侧协同能力提升是加快构建新型电力系统的关键举措之一,有利于挖掘需求侧灵活性、改进零售侧市场体系与丰富电网调节手段。在需求侧管理涌现的诸多典型模式中,虚拟电厂作为一种兼具灵活调节属性与市场交易功能的新型“电源”,在与电力系统的多维互动中提供多时序平衡调节能力,继而获取市场价值。然而,现有的虚拟电厂技术仍缺乏特有的体系框架和分析理论,海量分布式资源的运行特性、互动机理及其动态聚合问题尚未完全突破,导致虚拟电厂的规模化应用与常态化运营成为其可持续发展的重要困境。为此,首先,文中立足第一性原理视角对虚拟电厂的技术本质进行了深入剖析,梳理了差异化市场交易品种对不同类型虚拟电厂的技术要求,并提出了虚拟电厂的技术体系建设目标。其次,面向多类型虚拟电厂建立了基于基础共性、工程应用、关键装备与特色攻关4个维度的关键技术体系。最后,归纳了中国虚拟电厂的工程建设、运营现状与市场成效,并对现有技术体系的不足提出前瞻性建议,为虚拟电厂的常态化运营与规范化应用提供理论支撑。
Enhancing demand-side coordination capability is one of the key initiatives to accelerate the construction of new power system. This facilitates the development of demand-side flexibility
improves the retail-side market framework
and diversifies grid regulation methods. Among various typical models emerging in demand-side management
the virtual power plant (VPP) functions as a novel “power source” combining flexible regulation attributes with market trading capabilities. Through multi-dimensional interactions with the power system
VPPs provide multi-temporal balancing regulation capabilities
thereby obtaining market value. However
existing VPP technologies still lack a dedicated systematic framework and analytical theory. The operation characteristics
interaction mechanisms
and dynamic aggregation problems of massive distributed resources have yet been fully addressed
which leads to significant obstacles to large-scale application and routine operation of VPPs for sustainable development. To this end
this paper first conducts an in-depth analysis of the technical essence of VPPs from first principles perspective
organizes the technical requirements imposed by differentiated market trading varieties for various types of VPPs
and proposes the objectives for constructing the VPP technical system. Then
a key technology system for multi-type VPPs across four dimensions is established: fundamental commonality
engineering application
key equipment
and characteristic research. Finally
this paper summarizes project implementation
operational status
and market effectiveness of VPPs in China. Forward-looking recommendations to address limitations in existing technical system are proposed
thereby providing theoretical support for routine operation and standardized application of VPPs.
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