Preliminary Exploration of Causes of Spain-Portugal Blackout on April 28, 2025 and Its Enlightenment for Development of China’s Power System

QIU Wei; SUN Kaiqi; DING Zhaohao; WU Yuru; YIN He; YAO Wenxuan

doi:10.7500/AEPS20250430010

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Preliminary Exploration of Causes of Spain-Portugal Blackout on April 28, 2025 and Its Enlightenment for Development of China’s Power System

Security and Stability of Power Grid and Blackout Defending | 更新时间：2026-02-28

- Preliminary Exploration of Causes of Spain-Portugal Blackout on April 28, 2025 and Its Enlightenment for Development of China’s Power System
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Vol. 49, Issue 24, Pages: 1-11(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.湖南大学电气与信息工程学院，湖南省长沙市 410082
  2.山东大学电气工程学院，山东省济南市 250061
  3.新能源电力系统全国重点实验室（华北电力大学），北京市 102206
  4.田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校，诺克斯维尔市 37996，美国
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(52307093);Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001);Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2025JJ40045)
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20250430010
  CLC：
- Received：30 April 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-05-14，
  
  Online First：30 May 2025，
  
  Published：25 December 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
邱伟,孙凯祺,丁肇豪等.西葡“4·28”停电事故原因初探及对中国电力系统发展的启示[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(24):1-11.

QIU Wei,SUN Kaiqi,DING Zhaohao,et al.Preliminary Exploration of Causes of Spain-Portugal Blackout on April 28, 2025 and Its Enlightenment for Development of China’s Power System[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(24):1-11.
邱伟,孙凯祺,丁肇豪等.西葡“4·28”停电事故原因初探及对中国电力系统发展的启示[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(24):1-11. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20250430010.

QIU Wei,SUN Kaiqi,DING Zhaohao,et al.Preliminary Exploration of Causes of Spain-Portugal Blackout on April 28, 2025 and Its Enlightenment for Development of China’s Power System[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(24):1-11. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20250430010.

摘要

2025年4月28日，西班牙、葡萄牙全境及法国部分区域突发大面积停电，该事故致使数千万居民生活陷入停摆困境。文中基于目前已经公开的各项信息和电网频率与电压数据，针对此次多国突发停电事故，尝试还原并总结了事故发生的详细过程，得出极端事件下备用调节资源容量不足、静稳极限下区域间振荡与电压调控能力薄弱、电力市场及政策机制难以在极端事件下提供足够调节灵活性是引起此次大停电的三大因素。最后，结合中国电网运行实际，探讨了该次西葡大停电事故的经验教训，并就极端事件下电网备用容量立体化保障体系构建、连续振荡场景下系统电压控制与系统智能解列，以及极端事件下新能源主动支撑技术实现路径探索等方面提出针对性建议。

Abstract

On April 28

2025

a massive blackout suddenly struck the entire territories of Spain and Portugal

as well as parts of France

causing the lives of tens of millions of residents to come to a standstill. Based on disclosed information and power grid frequency and voltage data

this paper attempts to reconstruct and summarize the detailed process of the sudden blackout in the three countries. It also concludes that the three major factors causing this blackout are insufficient reserve regulation resource capacity under extreme events

weak ability to regulate inter-regional oscillations and voltage under static stability limits

and difficulty in providing sufficient regulation flexibility through the electricity market and policy mechanisms under extreme events. Finally

combining with the actual operation of China’s power grid

the experience and lessons learned from this massive blackout are discussed. Targeted suggestions are put forward on building a three-dimensional guarantee system for power grid reserve capacity under extreme events

system voltage control and system intelligent decoupling in continuous oscillation scenarios

and exploring the implementation path of renewable energy active support technology under extreme events.

关键词

Keywords

references

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