Optimal Bidding Model for Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plant Considering Green Electricity Contract Decomposition in Spot Market

GE Xinxin; LU Jiaxin; WANG Fei; ZHANG Ning

doi:10.7500/AEPS20250430005

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Optimal Bidding Model for Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plant Considering Green Electricity Contract Decomposition in Spot Market

Special Session on Virtual Power Plant with Enormous Flexible Resources | 更新时间：2026-02-28

- Optimal Bidding Model for Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plant Considering Green Electricity Contract Decomposition in Spot Market
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Vol. 49, Issue 20, Pages: 84-93(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系，北京市 100084
  2.华北电力大学电力工程系，河北省保定市 071003
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2401200)
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20250430005
  CLC：
- Received：30 April 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-08-28，
  
  Online First：15 September 2025，
  
  Published：25 October 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
葛鑫鑫,路佳鑫,王飞等.现货市场下考虑绿电合约分解的EV型虚拟电厂优化投标模型[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(20):84-93.

GE Xinxin,LU Jiaxin,WANG Fei,et al.Optimal Bidding Model for Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plant Considering Green Electricity Contract Decomposition in Spot Market[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(20):84-93.
葛鑫鑫,路佳鑫,王飞等.现货市场下考虑绿电合约分解的EV型虚拟电厂优化投标模型[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(20):84-93. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20250430005.

GE Xinxin,LU Jiaxin,WANG Fei,et al.Optimal Bidding Model for Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plant Considering Green Electricity Contract Decomposition in Spot Market[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(20):84-93. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20250430005.

摘要

电动汽车（EV）型虚拟电厂可以通过整合大规模EV参与绿电和现货市场交易。绿电合约是绿电中长期市场与现货市场衔接的关键一环，其分解方式将直接影响EV型虚拟电厂在现货市场中的投标策略、市场结算费用和运营利润。为此，考虑绿电合约分解方式、需求响应机制，以及日前电价、实时电价和EV充电负荷等多元不确定性的影响，针对不同EV类型进行调节能力分类建模，并基于两阶段随机优化与条件风险价值理论，建立EV型虚拟电厂日前市场最优投标模型。算例结果表明，所建立的模型可平滑EV负荷，并制定符合EV型虚拟电厂风险偏好的交易策略，降低其交易风险，提升运营利润。

Abstract

Electric vehicle virtual power plants (EV-VPPs) can aggregate large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) to participate in green electricity and spot market trading. Green electricity contract is a key link between the green electricity medium- and long-term market and the spot market. Its decomposition modes may directly influence the bidding strategies

market settlement costs

and operation profits of EV-VPPs. To this end

considering the influences of decomposition modes of green electricity contracts

demand response mechanisms

and multiple uncertainties such as day-ahead electricity prices

real-time electricity prices

and charging loads of EVs

the classification modeling of regulation capabilities for various EV types is conducted. Based on the two-stage stochastic optimization and conditional value at risk theory

the optimal day-ahead market bidding model for EV-VPPs is established. The case study results show that the proposed model can smooth EV loads

allow the bidding strategies of EV-VPPs to be developed in line with their risk preference

reduce the trading risks of EV-VPPs

and improve operating profits.

关键词

Keywords

references

国家发展改革委国家能源局关于印发《“十四五”现代能源体系规划》的通知［EB/OL］.［ 2025-01-29 ］. https：//www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-03/23/content_5680759.htm https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-03/23/content_5680759.htm .

Notice of National Development and Reform Commission and National Energy Administration on issuing the“ ‘14th Five - Year Plan’ for a Modern Energy System ”［EB/OL］. ［ 2025-01-29 ］. https：//www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-03/23/content_5680759.htm https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-03/23/content_5680759.htm .

徐潇源，李佳琪，王晗，等 . 城市电力-交通系统韧性研究综述及展望［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2024 ， 48 （ 23 ）： 1 - 15 .

XU Xiaoyuan ， LI Jiaqi ， WANG Han ， et al . Review and prospect of research on urban power-transportation system resilience ［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems ， 2024 ， 48 （ 23 ）： 1 - 15 .

中华人民共和国公安部 . 全国机动车保有量达4.53亿辆驾驶人达5.42亿人［EB/OL］.［ 2025-02-18 ］. https：//www.mps.gov.cn/n2254314/n6409334/c9939035/content.html https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254314/n6409334/c9939035/content.html .

The Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China . The number of motor vehicles in China reaches 453 million， and the number of drivers reaches 542 million ［EB/OL］. ［ 2025-02-18 ］. https：//www.mps.gov.cn/n2254314/n6409334/c9939035/content.html https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254314/n6409334/c9939035/content.html .

中国新能源汽车产业发展的重大意义与未来愿景［EB/OL］.［ 2024-12-16 ］. http：//finance.people.com.cn/n1/2021/1216/c10 04-32309935.html http://finance.people.com.cn/n1/2021/1216/c1004-32309935.html .

The great significance and future vision of the development of renewable energy vehicle industry in China ［EB/OL］. ［ 2024-12-16 ］. http：//finance.people.com.cn/n1/2021/1216/c1004-32309 935.html http://finance.people.com.cn/n1/2021/1216/c1004-32309935.html .

谢敏，黄莹，卢燕旋，等 . 基于绿电减排量互认的建筑虚拟电厂电-碳双层协同决策机制［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2024 ， 48 （ 18 ）： 25 - 37 .

XIE Min ， HUANG Ying ， LU Yanxuan ， et al . Electricity-carbon double-layer collaborative decision-making mechanism for building virtual power plant based on mutual recognition of green electricity emission reduction ［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems ， 2024 ， 48 （ 18 ）： 25 - 37 .

谢开，刘敦楠，李竹，等 . 适应新型电力系统的多维协同电力市场体系［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2024 ， 48 （ 4 ）： 2 - 12 .

XIE Kai ， LIU Dunnan ， LI Zhu ， et al . Multi-dimensional collaborative electricity market system for new power system ［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems ， 2024 ， 48 （ 4 ）： 2 - 12 .

NAJAFI A ， POURAKBARI-KASMAEI M ， JASINSKI M ， et al . A hybrid decentralized stochastic-robust model for optimal coordination of electric vehicle aggregator and energy hub entities ［J］. Applied Energy ， 2021 ， 304 ： 117708 .

PAN Z N ， YU T ， LI J ， et al . Stochastic transactive control for electric vehicle aggregators coordination： a decentralized approximate dynamic programming approach ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid ， 2020 ， 11 （ 5 ）： 4261 - 4277 .

文艺林，胡泽春，宁剑，等 . 基于分布鲁棒机会约束的充电运营商参与调峰市场投标策略［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2022 ， 46 （ 7 ）： 23 - 32 .

WEN Yilin ， HU Zechun ， NING Jian ， et al . Bidding strategy of charging operator participating in peak regulation market based on distributionally robust chance constraint ［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems ， 2022 ， 46 （ 7 ）： 23 - 32 .

蔡国伟，姜雨晴，黄南天，等 . 电力需求响应机制下基于多主体双层博弈的规模化电动汽车充放电优化调度［J］. 中国电机工程学报， 2023 ， 43 （ 1 ）： 85 - 99 .

CAI Guowei ， JIANG Yuqing ， HUANG Nantian ， et al . Large-scale electric vehicles charging and discharging optimization scheduling based on multi-agent two-level game under electricity demand response mechanism ［J］. Proceedings of the CSEE ， 2023 ， 43 （ 1 ）： 85 - 99 .

ZHENG Y C ， WANG Y B ， YANG Q . Bidding strategy design for electric vehicle aggregators in the day-ahead electricity market considering price volatility： a risk-averse approach ［J］. Energy ， 2023 ， 283 ： 129138 .

ZHENG Y C ， WANG Y B ， YANG Q . Two-phase operation for coordinated charging of electric vehicles in a market environment： from electric vehicle aggregators’ perspective ［J］. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ， 2023 ， 171 ： 113006 .

DE LA TORRE S ， AGUADO J A ， SAUMA E . Optimal scheduling of ancillary services provided by an electric vehicle aggregator ［J］. Energy ， 2023 ， 265 ： 126147 .

周玮，徐从明，杨丹霞，等 . P2P能源共享下考虑意愿动态调整的电动汽车群需求响应策略研究［J］. 中国电机工程学报， 2023 ， 43 （ 21 ）： 8217 - 8230 .

ZHOU Wei ， XU Congming ， YANG Danxia ， et al . Research on demand response strategy of electric vehicles considering dynamic adjustment of willingness under P2P energy sharing ［J］. Proceedings of the CSEE ， 2023 ， 43 （ 21 ）： 8217 - 8230 .

杨波，汤文成，吴福保，等 . 考虑CVaR的“新能源+储能”电厂日前市场投标策略［J］. 电力系统保护与控制， 2022 ， 50 （ 9 ）： 93 - 100 .

YANG Bo ， TANG Wencheng ， WU Fubao ， et al . Day-ahead market bidding strategy for “renewable energy+energy storage” power plants considering conditional value-at-risk ［J］. Power System Protection and Control ， 2022 ， 50 （ 9 ）： 93 - 100 .

国家发展改革委，国家能源局 . 关于印发《电力现货市场基本规则（试行）》的通知［EB/OL］.［ 2024-09-07 ］. https：//www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202309/content_6904881.htm https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202309/content_6904881.htm .

National Development and Reform Commission ， National Energy Administration . Notice on the issuance of the “Basic Rules for the Electricity Spot Market ” ［EB/OL］. ［ 2024-09-07 ］. https：//www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202309/content _6904881.htm https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202309/content_6904881.htm

付文杰，王喻玺，申洪涛，等 . 基于拉丁超立方抽样和场景消减的居民用户基线负荷估计方法［J］. 电网技术， 2022 ， 46 （ 6 ）： 2298 - 2307 .

FU Wenjie ， WANG Yuxi ， SHEN Hongtao ， et al . Residential customer baseline load estimation based on Latin hypercube sampling and scenario subtraction ［J］. Power System Technology ， 2022 ， 46 （ 6 ）： 2298 - 2307 .

GHORASHI KHALILABADI S M ， ZEGORDI S H ， NIKBAKHSH E . A multi-stage stochastic programming approach for supply chain risk mitigation via product substitution ［J］. Computers & Industrial Engineering ， 2020 ， 149 ： 106786 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Time-of-use Traceback of Carbon Emissions for Electricity Consumers Based on Contract Paths

Review of Research on Grid Emission Factors at Home and Abroad: Current Status, Challenges and Development Trends

Related Author

GE Xinxin

LU Jiaxin

WANG Fei

YANG Weidong

XIN Yaozhong

GUO Wangyong

XU Zhuojun

ZHANG Ziqian

Related Institution

State Grid Electric Power Research Institute (NARI Group Coorporation)

National Electric Power Dispatching and Control Center, State Grid Corporation of China

State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, Chongqing University

Marketing Department of Ningde Power Supply Company, State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co., Ltd.

Beijing Power Trading Center Co., Ltd.

⁰