Frequency Response Modeling Method for Large-scale Grid-connected Photovoltaic System Considering  Low Voltage Ride-through Characteristic

LIU Xianchao; YANG Di; LI Xue; JIANG Tao; LI Guoqing

doi:10.7500/AEPS20241220010

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Frequency Response Modeling Method for Large-scale Grid-connected Photovoltaic System Considering Low Voltage Ride-through Characteristic

Basic Research | 更新时间：2026-02-28

- Frequency Response Modeling Method for Large-scale Grid-connected Photovoltaic System Considering Low Voltage Ride-through Characteristic
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Vol. 50, Issue 1, Pages: 108-117(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  现代电力系统仿真控制与绿色电能新技术教育部重点实验室（东北电力大学），吉林省吉林市132012
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  State Grid Corporation of China(5100-202440016A-1-1-ZN)
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20241220010
  CLC：
- Received：20 December 2024，
  
  Revised：2025-07-06，
  
  Online First：24 November 2025，
  
  Published：10 January 2026
- 稿件说明：
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刘先超,杨迪,李雪等.考虑LVRT特性的规模化光伏并网系统频率响应建模方法[J].电力系统自动化,2026,50(1):108-117.

LIU Xianchao,YANG Di,LI Xue,et al.Frequency Response Modeling Method for Large-scale Grid-connected Photovoltaic System Considering Low Voltage Ride-through Characteristic[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2026,50(1):108-117.
刘先超,杨迪,李雪等.考虑LVRT特性的规模化光伏并网系统频率响应建模方法[J].电力系统自动化,2026,50(1):108-117. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20241220010.

LIU Xianchao,YANG Di,LI Xue,et al.Frequency Response Modeling Method for Large-scale Grid-connected Photovoltaic System Considering Low Voltage Ride-through Characteristic[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2026,50(1):108-117. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20241220010.

摘要

含低电压穿越（LVRT）控制的光伏单元在电压大幅跌落时将采用无功优先原则，从而呈现有功出力变化，进而参与系统频率响应。为此，提出一种考虑规模化光伏LVRT特性的系统频率响应建模方法。首先，基于传统频率响应模型分析光伏规模化接入对系统的惯量水平、一次调频的影响，刻画电压大幅跌落场景下光伏电站控制切换行为引发的有功功率-频率的响应路径。然后，考虑光伏电站中单元众多、特性各异特点，归类3种典型LVRT有功特性并建立其划分边界，采用容量加权法计算光伏等值单元参数，并基于两阶段斜坡方法拟合非线性恢复集群的有功特性，建立光伏电站LVRT全过程的等值有功时域表达式。进一步地，将光伏电站LVRT有功变化量作为扰动激励引入传统频率响应模型，根据LVRT有功变化量时序特点，将其分段表征为阶跃、斜坡等形式，进而获取频率响应解析解，并由此分析LVRT特性对最大频率变化率、频率最大偏移和准稳态频率偏差等指标的影响。最后，在含光伏电站的5节点测试系统中验证所提建模方法的准确性和有效性。

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) units equipped with low voltage ride-through (LVRT) control adopt a reactive power priority principle during significant voltage drops

resulting in variations in active power output and subsequent participation in system frequency response. To address this

a modeling method for system frequency response is proposed

taking into account the LVRT characteristics of large-scale PV. First

based on the traditional frequency response model

the impact of large-scale integration of renewable energy sources such as PV on system inertia and primary frequency regulation is analyzed. This analysis characterizes the active power-frequency response pathway triggered by control switching behavior at PV stations during significant voltage drops. Subsequently

considering the numerous and diverse characteristics of units within a PV station

three typical LVRT active power characteristics are classified

and their dividing boundaries are established. The equivalent unit parameters are rapidly obtained by using a capacity-weighted approach. A two-stage slope method is employed to approximate the nonlinear active power characteristics of clusters

thereby establishing an equivalent active time-domain expression for the entire LVRT process of PV power stations. Furthermore

the active power variation due to LVRT at PV power stations is introduced as a disturbance excitation into the traditional frequency response model. Based on the temporal characteristics of the active power variation due to LVRT

it is segmented and represented as step changes

slopes

and other forms to obtain the analytical solution of frequency response. The impact of the LVRT characteristics on indicators such as the maximum rate of frequency change

the maximum frequency deviation

and the quasi-steady-state frequency deviation is analyzed. Finally

the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed modeling method are validated in a 5-bus test system incorporating PV power stations.

关键词

Keywords

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