Optimal Control of Electric Vehicle Cluster Participating in Frequency Regulation Market Considering User Preferences

MAO Meiqin; GE Xing; YANG Cheng; WANG Yuanyue; DU Yan; SHI Yong

doi:10.7500/AEPS20241114001

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Optimal Control of Electric Vehicle Cluster Participating in Frequency Regulation Market Considering User Preferences

Basic Research | 更新时间：2025-07-14

- Optimal Control of Electric Vehicle Cluster Participating in Frequency Regulation Market Considering User Preferences
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Vol. 49, Issue 14, Pages: 130-140(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.教育部光伏系统工程研究中心，合肥工业大学，安徽省合肥市 230009
  2.国网安徽省电力有限公司，安徽省合肥市 230022
  3.国网安徽省电动汽车服务有限公司，安徽省合肥市 230000
  4.功率半导体封装与可靠性安徽省重点实验室，合肥工业大学，安徽省合肥市 230000
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  Anhui Province Natural Science Foundation(2108085UD02);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51577047);Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (“111” Program)(BP0719039)
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20241114001
  CLC：
- Received：14 November 2024，
  
  Revised：2025-03-21，
  
  Published Online：09 June 2025，
  
  Published：25 July 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
茆美琴,葛星,杨铖等.计及用户偏好的电动汽车集群参与调频市场优化控制[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(14):130-140.

MAO Meiqin,GE Xing,YANG Cheng,et al.Optimal Control of Electric Vehicle Cluster Participating in Frequency Regulation Market Considering User Preferences[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(14):130-140.
茆美琴,葛星,杨铖等.计及用户偏好的电动汽车集群参与调频市场优化控制[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(14):130-140. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20241114001.

MAO Meiqin,GE Xing,YANG Cheng,et al.Optimal Control of Electric Vehicle Cluster Participating in Frequency Regulation Market Considering User Preferences[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(14):130-140. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20241114001.

摘要

大规模电动汽车（EV）可以聚合为高效、灵活的调频资源。然而

电动汽车聚合商(EVA)的调节潜力易受EV用户行为与调频市场价格随机性的影响，增加了电网频率控制的复杂度和风险。为此，提出一种考虑EV用户偏好和电价随机性的EVA参与调频市场的分层随机优化控制。其中，上层以调频成本为优化目标，频率偏差为概率约束，构建机会约束规划模型得到EVA和火电机组等不同调频主体的调度功率；下层采用多元高斯Copula函数构建考虑EV用户偏好和电价随机性的EVA调度指令优化分解控制模型。以15 000辆EV参与区域电网调频为例，采用实时数字仿真系统（RTDS）搭建IEEE 39节点模型，对比了3种类型EV用户偏好、荷电状态和里程价格对EVA系统调节功率、调频经济和技术性能的影响，同时所获得的结果可为含EV的电力系统调频风险决策提供技术支撑。

Abstract

Large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) can be aggregated into efficient and flexible frequency regulation resources. However

the regulation potential of electric vehicle aggregators (EVAs) is susceptible to the individual behavior of EVs and the randomness of the price of the frequency regulation market

increasing the complexity and risk of power grid frequency control. To this end

a hierarchical stochastic optimal control of EVA participation in the frequency regulation market considering the EV user preference and the randomness of electricity prices is proposed. Among it

the upper layer takes the frequency regulation cost as the optimization objective and the frequency deviation as the probability constraint

and constructs the chance constrained programming model to obtain the scheduling power of various frequency regulation entities

such as EVAs and thermal power units. The lower layer adopts the multivariate Gaussian Copula function to construct an EVA dispatching instruction optimal decomposition control model considering the EV user preference and the randomness of electricity prices. Taking 15 000 EVs participating in regional power grid frequency regulation as an example

an IEEE 39-bus model is built by using a real-time digital simulation system. The influences of three types of EV user preferences

state of charge

and mileage prices on the regulated power

frequency regulation economy and technical performance of the EVA system are compared. Meanwhile

the obtained results can provide technical support for frequency regulation risk decision-making in power systems with EVs.

关键词

Keywords

references

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