Collaborative Planning of Virtual Power Plants Aggregating Multivariate and Flexible Resources and Balancing Fairness and Efficiency

LIANG Bomiao; YANG Jiajia; WEN Fushuan; WANG Licheng; DONG Zhaoyang; HOU Beiping

doi:10.7500/AEPS20240729004

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Collaborative Planning of Virtual Power Plants Aggregating Multivariate and Flexible Resources and Balancing Fairness and Efficiency

Invited Paper | 更新时间：2025-06-16

- Collaborative Planning of Virtual Power Plants Aggregating Multivariate and Flexible Resources and Balancing Fairness and Efficiency
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Vol. 49, Issue 10, Pages: 67-76(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.浙江科技大学自动化与电气工程学院，浙江省杭州市 310023
  2.詹姆斯库克大学科学与工程学院，澳大利亚汤斯维尔市 QLD 4811
  3.浙江大学电气工程学院，浙江省杭州市 310007
  4.浙江工业大学信息工程学院，浙江省杭州市310023
  5.香港城市大学电机工程学系，香港 999077
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang University of Science and Technology(2023QN043);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52007170)
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20240729004
  CLC：
- Received：29 July 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-11-22，
  
  Published Online：08 February 2025，
  
  Published：25 May 2025
- 稿件说明：
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梁博淼,杨甲甲,文福拴等.兼顾公平与效率的聚合多元灵活资源虚拟电厂协同规划[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(10):67-76.

LIANG Bomiao,YANG Jiajia,WEN Fushuan,et al.Collaborative Planning of Virtual Power Plants Aggregating Multivariate and Flexible Resources and Balancing Fairness and Efficiency[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(10):67-76.
梁博淼,杨甲甲,文福拴等.兼顾公平与效率的聚合多元灵活资源虚拟电厂协同规划[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(10):67-76. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20240729004.

LIANG Bomiao,YANG Jiajia,WEN Fushuan,et al.Collaborative Planning of Virtual Power Plants Aggregating Multivariate and Flexible Resources and Balancing Fairness and Efficiency[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(10):67-76. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20240729004.

摘要

“碳达峰·碳中和”目标下，虚拟电厂(VPP)在聚合海量、多元的分布式灵活资源方面的功能日渐凸显，厘清VPP的商业模型、关键问题、目标诉求有助于灵活资源和VPP的潜力挖掘和新型电力系统的低碳/零碳构建。与此同时，社会层面对于公平的关切也在加强，能源公平关系到基础生产生活，且由于灵活资源的运营可能涉及不同的参与主体，VPP规划调度中对公平性的诉求相较于传统场景尤甚。因此，文中在VPP规划中引入公平性衡量标准，提出兼顾公平与效率的聚合、调用、利益分配方案。首先，综合考虑VPP市场互动、分布式资源(DER)签约调度，建立DER和VPP的中长期调度收益模型。然后，进行不确定风险下的VPP组合优化和具有公平关切的DER决策的协同优化，并基于先签约后调度的思路借助两阶段优化模型进行求解。接着，探究了DER续约率的优化和区域容量载量限制的影响。最后，从具体的算例和数据结果分析得出，公平关切对VPP的收益空间压缩其实较为有限，但需要确立合理的储能、可中断负荷等灵活性资源的市场化定价，以避免造成恶性竞争和投资浪费。

Abstract

Under the the goal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality

the function of virtual power plant (VPP) in aggregating massive and diverse distributed flexible resources is becoming increasingly prominent. Clarifying the business model

key issues

and target demands of VPP is conducive to the potential exploration of flexible resources and VPP and the low-carbon and zero-carbon construction of the new power system. Meanwhile

concerns about fairness at the social level are also strengthening. Energy fairness is related to basic production and life. Moreover

as the operation of flexible resources may involve different participants

the demand for fairness in VPP planning and scheduling is even more intense compared with traditional scenarios. Therefore

this paper introduces fairness measurement standards in the VPP planning and proposes aggregation

invocation

and benefit distribution schemes considering fairness and efficiency. Firstly

considering the VPP market interaction and the contracted scheduling of distributed energy resources (DERs) comprehensively

a medium and long-term scheduling revenue model for DER and VPP is established. Next

the VPP combinatorial optimization under uncertain risks and the collaborative optimization of DER decisions with fairness concerns are carried out

and they are solved with the help of a two-stage optimization model based on the idea of signing first and then scheduling. Then

the optimization of the DER renewal rate and the influence of the regional capacity load limit are explored. Finally

from the analysis of specific calculation cases and data results

it is concluded that the compression of the revenue space of VPP by fairness concerns is actually rather limited. However

it is necessary to establish reasonable market-based pricing for flexible resources such as battery energy storage system and interruptible loads to avoid vicious competition and investment waste.

关键词

Keywords

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