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陕西省智能电网重点实验室(西安交通大学),陕西省西安市 710049
Received:23 July 2024,
Revised:2025-01-08,
Published Online:14 February 2025,
Published:10 May 2025
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刘晓明,刘俊,姚宏伟等.基于VSG的风光水火储系统频率调节深度强化学习方法[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(9):114-124.
LIU Xiaoming,LIU Jun,YAO Hongwei,et al.Deep Reinforcement Learning Method for Frequency Regulation of Wind-Solar-Hydro-Thermal-Storage Systems Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(9):114-124.
刘晓明,刘俊,姚宏伟等.基于VSG的风光水火储系统频率调节深度强化学习方法[J].电力系统自动化,2025,49(9):114-124. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20240723009.
LIU Xiaoming,LIU Jun,YAO Hongwei,et al.Deep Reinforcement Learning Method for Frequency Regulation of Wind-Solar-Hydro-Thermal-Storage Systems Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2025,49(9):114-124. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20240723009.
由于可再生能源发电固有的不确定性和低惯量特性,随着分布式能源(DER)的快速发展,电力系统正面临显著的系统频率动态恶化。为解决这一问题,使DER能够模拟传统同步发电机运行的虚拟同步发电机(VSG)技术已被开发并得到广泛关注。然而,现有研究主要集中于采用固定参数运行VSG以提供惯量支撑,而很少关注动态调整VSG以利用其快速响应特性来提升电力系统的频率响应性能。因此,文中提出一种基于深度强化学习的频率调节(DRL-FR)方法,该方法可自适应调整一、二次调频及VSG的动态参数。首先,构建频率调节模型,并将新能源电厂建模为可调VSG,将最优频率调节问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程。然后,构建DRL-FR控制器,其动作空间为一、二次调频动态参数,涵盖下垂控制、比例-积分-微分控制、机组参与系数及VSG可调参数。最后,开发了一种结合单调优势重加权模仿学习的近端策略优化算法,可结合历史运行数据及专家经验加速模型训练过程。在改造的IEEE 39节点系统中进行测试,验证了所提DRL-FR方法的有效性。
Due to the inherent uncertainty and low-inertia characteristics of renewable energy generation
power systems are facing significant deterioration in system frequency dynamics with the rapid development of distributed energy resources (DERs). To address this issue
virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology
which enables DERs to emulate the operation of traditional synchronous generators
has been developed and gained widespread attention. However
existing research primarily focuses on operating VSGs with fixed parameters to provide inertia support
while paying limited attention to dynamically adjusting VSGs to leverage their fast response characteristics for enhancing power system frequency response performance. Therefore
this paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning-based frequency regulation (DRL-FR) method that adaptively adjusts primary/secondary frequency regulation and VSG dynamic parameters. First
a frequency regulation model is established
the renewable power plants are modeled as adjustable VSGs
and the optimal frequency regulation problem is formulated as a Markov decision process. Then
a DRL-FR controller is constructed with its action space encompassing dynamic parameters of primary/secondary frequency regulation
including droop control
proportional-integral-derivative control
unit participation factors
and adjustable VSG parameters. Finally
a proximal policy optimization algorithm incorporating monotonic advantage reweighted imitation learning is developed
which can accelerate the model training process by combining historical operation data and expert experience. The effectiveness of the proposed DRL-FR method is validated by the tests conducted on a modified IEEE 39-bus system.
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