Analysis of Forced Low-frequency Oscillation in Single-stage Grid-connected Photovoltaic System Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator Control

GONG Zhen; SHEN Hanming; XIE Xiaorong; ZHANG Zhebo; YANG Lei; BU Yichen

doi:10.7500/AEPS20240425008

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Analysis of Forced Low-frequency Oscillation in Single-stage Grid-connected Photovoltaic System Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator Control

Basic Research | 更新时间：2025-06-16

- Analysis of Forced Low-frequency Oscillation in Single-stage Grid-connected Photovoltaic System Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator Control
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Vol. 48, Issue 16, Pages: 18-29(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京市 100084
  2.新型电力系统运行与控制全国重点实验室(清华大学),北京市 100084
  3.浙江省能源集团有限公司,浙江省杭州市 310007
  4.浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司,浙江省杭州市 310000
  5.浙江浙能嘉兴海上风力发电有限公司,浙江省嘉兴市 314211
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B20100);State-funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program(GZC20231212)
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20240425008
  CLC：
- Received：25 April 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-06-12，
  
  Published Online：18 July 2024，
  
  Published：25 August 2024
- 稿件说明：
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龚振,沈汉铭,谢小荣等.基于虚拟同步机控制的单级式光伏并网系统强迫低频振荡分析[J].电力系统自动化,2024,48(16):18-29.

GONG Zhen,SHEN Hanming,XIE Xiaorong,et al.Analysis of Forced Low-frequency Oscillation in Single-stage Grid-connected Photovoltaic System Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator Control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2024,48(16):18-29.
龚振,沈汉铭,谢小荣等.基于虚拟同步机控制的单级式光伏并网系统强迫低频振荡分析[J].电力系统自动化,2024,48(16):18-29. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20240425008.

GONG Zhen,SHEN Hanming,XIE Xiaorong,et al.Analysis of Forced Low-frequency Oscillation in Single-stage Grid-connected Photovoltaic System Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator Control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2024,48(16):18-29. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20240425008.

摘要

光伏并网系统中，最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制会在直流侧电压中引入大量间谐波，可能引发强迫振荡。传统研究重点关注扰动源频率与系统固有弱阻尼模式频率的关系，较少关注变换器控制特征对加剧强迫振荡的效果。文中以虚拟同步机(VSG)控制为例，构建单级式光伏并网系统功率输入输出频域闭环传递函数模型，指出了MPPT控制引入的间谐波会导致基于VSG控制的单级式光伏并网系统发生强迫低频振荡。与基于传统二阶时域微分方程的强迫振荡分析方法进行对比，论证了所提闭环传递函数与传统二阶微分方程的等价性，从而便于从频域输入-输出关系角度更直观地分析扰动源和变换器控制特征对强迫振荡的影响。最后，分析了VSG超调效应和有功、无功功率动态耦合效应对强迫振荡的影响机理，并基于仿真算例验证了VSG控制超调和功率耦合对加剧强迫振荡的影响特性。

Abstract

In the grid-connected photovoltaic system

the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control will introduce massive interharmonics to DC-side voltages

which may cause forced oscillations. Traditional research focuses on the relationship between the frequency of disturbance sources and the frequency of the inherent weak damping mode of the system

with less attention paid to the effect of converter control characteristics on exacerbating the forced oscillation. This paper takes the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control as an example to construct a power input-output frequency-domain closed-loop transfer function model of the single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system. It is pointed out that the interharmonics introduced by the MPPT control will cause forced low-frequency oscillation in the single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system based on the VSG control. Then

the proposed model is compared with the the forced oscillation analysis method based on the traditional second-order time-domain differential equation. The equivalence between the proposed closed-loop transfer function and the traditional second-order differential equation is verified. Thus

the influence of disturbance sources and converter control characteristics on the forced oscillation can be analyzed from the perspective of the frequency-domain input-output relationship. Finally

the influence mechanisms of the VSG overshoot effect and dynamic coupling effect of active and reactive power on the forced oscillation are analyzed. The characteristics of the influence of the VSG control overshoot and power coupling on the exacerbation of forced oscillation are verified by simulation cases.

关键词

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references

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