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电网智能化调度与控制教育部重点实验室(山东大学),山东省济南市250061
Received:13 June 2022,
Revised:2022-12-14,
Published Online:03 March 2023,
Published:10 April 2024
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张峰,田宇,丁磊.风电虚拟惯量延时的影响机理模型解析及替代性研究[J].电力系统自动化,2024,48(7):267-276.
ZHANG Feng,TIAN Yu,DING Lei.Analytical Solution for Influential Mechanism Model of Virtual Inertia Delay of Wind Power and Its Substitutability Research[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2024,48(7):267-276.
张峰,田宇,丁磊.风电虚拟惯量延时的影响机理模型解析及替代性研究[J].电力系统自动化,2024,48(7):267-276. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20220613002.
ZHANG Feng,TIAN Yu,DING Lei.Analytical Solution for Influential Mechanism Model of Virtual Inertia Delay of Wind Power and Its Substitutability Research[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2024,48(7):267-276. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20220613002.
风电机组采用虚拟惯量参与电网调频时,其本质是带延时的快速功率响应,但虚拟惯量延时对频率控制的非线性影响尚不清晰。同时,虚拟惯量存在测频精度要求高、延时大、频率微分环节放大量测误差等固有缺陷。为此,提出了风电机组虚拟惯量延时的影响机理模型解析及替代性研究的思路。首先,通过将风电机组虚拟惯量和下垂控制的延时特性近似等效为一阶惯性环节,建立风电调频使用虚拟惯量和下垂控制的系统频率响应模型;其次,基于劳斯近似法对高阶模型进行降阶解析,求得系统频率最低点的解析表达式;然后,解析求解风电调频仅使用下垂控制的系统频率响应模型,并在频率最低点指标下给出与虚拟惯量和下垂控制相同调频效果的下垂控制系数设定方法。进一步,在设定下垂控制参数下,对比两种控制方式下的最大频率变化率、稳态频率等关键指标关系,得出结论:适当改变下垂系数可替代带延时虚拟惯量,并能取得比虚拟惯量和下垂控制更佳的调频效果。最后,建立仿真模型,并从系统频率响应动态、调频能量需求、风电机组响应功率等方面验证了分析的正确性。
When wind turbine generators (WTGs) adopt virtual inertia control to participate in grid frequency regulation
its essence is a kind of fast power response with time delay. However
the nonlinear effect of virtual inertia delay on frequency control is still unclear. Meanwhile
the virtual inertia has its inherent disadvantages such as high requirements for frequency measurement accuracy
long time delay
and amplified measurement errors by frequency differential link. Hence
the analytical solution for influential mechanism model of virtual inertia delay of WTGs and its substitutability research approach are proposed. Firstly
considering the delay of virtual inertia and droop control of the WTGs
which are approximately equivalent to the first-order inertia link
a system frequency response model for wind power frequency regulation using virtual inertia and droop control is established. Secondly
based on the Routh approximation method
the high-order model is analyzed by reducing the order
and the analytical expression of the system frequency nadir is obtained. Thirdly
the system frequency response model that only uses droop control for wind power frequency regulation is analytically solved
and the setting method for the droop control coefficient with the same frequency regulation effect as virtual inertia and droop control is given under the frequency nadir index. Further
under the setting of the droop control parameters
the relationship between the key indicators such as the maximum frequency change rate and steady-state frequency in the two control modes is compared. The purpose of replacing the virtual inertia with time delay can be achieved by changing the droop control coefficient appropriately
and the conclusion that the frequency regulation effect is better than that of virtual inertia and droop control can be obtained. Finally
a simulation model is established to verify the correctness of the analysis from the system frequency response dynamics
frequency regulation energy demand
and response power of WTGs etc.
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