Optimal Operation of Prosumers Based on Transactive Energy Mechanism

Jiechen WU; Xin AI

doi:10.7500/AEPS20200316006

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Optimal Operation of Prosumers Based on Transactive Energy Mechanism

Views | 更新时间：2025-06-16

- Optimal Operation of Prosumers Based on Transactive Energy Mechanism
- Automation of Electric Power Systems Vol. 44, Issue 19, Pages: 1-18(2020)
- 作者机构：
  
  新能源电力系统国家重点实验室（华北电力大学），北京市 102206
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China;Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China
- DOI：10.7500/AEPS20200316006
  CLC：
- Received：16 March 2020，
  
  Revised：2020-06-01，
  
  Published Online：15 July 2020，
  
  Published：10 October 2020
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
吴界辰,艾欣.交互能源机制下的电力产消者优化运行[J].电力系统自动化,2020,44(19):1-18.

WU Jiechen,AI Xin.Optimal Operation of Prosumers Based on Transactive Energy Mechanism[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2020,44(19):1-18.
吴界辰,艾欣.交互能源机制下的电力产消者优化运行[J].电力系统自动化,2020,44(19):1-18. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20200316006.

WU Jiechen,AI Xin.Optimal Operation of Prosumers Based on Transactive Energy Mechanism[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2020,44(19):1-18. DOI： 10.7500/AEPS20200316006.

摘要

随着能源结构与电力系统运行方式发生巨大变化，交互能源机制下的电力产消者优化运行研究得到了广泛关注。首先对电力产消者的类型、基本特性进行了分析与归纳，提出了电力产消者的典型运行框架，明确了不同运营商可能的功能与权责。随后，从电力产消者的资源灵活性预测模型、基于市场交易模型的协调策略、优化运行模型求解技术以及信息的采集、传输与处理4个方面对基于交互能源机制的产消者优化运行关键技术研究进行了概述与归纳。最后，考虑当前的发展趋势指出了存在的关键问题以及未来的研究发展方向。

Abstract

With the great changes in energy structure and operation mode of power system

the research on the optimal operation of prosumers supported by transactive energy (TE) mechanism has been widely concerned. First

the types and basic characteristics of prosumers

as well as the representative operation frameworks are analyzed and summarized. The possible functions and responsibilities of different operators are clarified. Then

from the perspective of resource flexibility prediction model

coordination strategy based on market trading model

optimal operation model solving technology

as well as the acquisition

transmission and processing of information

this paper summarizes the critical technologies of optimal operation of prosumers based on TE mechanism. Finally

considering the current development trend

the key problems and future research and development areas are pointed out.

关键词

Keywords

references

孙宏斌 , 郭庆来 , 潘昭光 . 能源互联网：理念、架构与前沿展望 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2015 , 39 ( 19 ): 1 - 8 .

SUN Hongbin , GUO Qinglai , PAN Zhaoguang . Energy Internet:concept,architecture and frontier outlook [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2015 , 39 ( 19 ): 1 - 8 .

KOTLER P . The prosumer movement: a new challenge for marketers [J]. Advances in Consumer Research , 1986 , 13 ( 1 ): 510 - 513 .

PARAG Y , SOVACOOL B . Electricity market design for the prosumer era [J]. Nature Energy , 2016 , 1 ( 4 ): 1 - 6 .

平健 , 陈思捷 , 张宁 , 等 . 基于智能合约的配电网去中心化交易机制 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2017 , 37 ( 13 ): 3682 - 3690 .

PING Jian , CHEN Sijie , ZHANG Ning , et al . Decentralized transactive mechanism in distribution network based on smart contract [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2017 , 37 ( 13 ): 3682 - 3690 .

肖云鹏 , 王锡凡 , 王秀丽 , 等 . 面向高比例可再生能源的电力市场研究综述 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2018 , 38 ( 3 ): 663 - 674 .

XIAO Yunpeng , WANG Xifan , WANG Xiuli , et al . Review on electricity market towards high proportion of renewable energy [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2018 , 38 ( 3 ): 663 - 674 .

胡俊杰 , 王坤宇 , 艾欣 , 等 . 交互能源:实现电力能源系统平衡的有效机制 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2019 , 39 ( 4 ): 953 - 965 .

HU Junjie , WANG Kunyu , AI Xin , et al . Transactive energy: an effective mechanism for balancing electric energy system [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2019 , 39 ( 4 ): 953 - 965 .

陈启鑫 , 王克道 , 陈思捷 , 等 . 面向分布式主体的可交易能源系统:体系架构、机制设计与关键技术 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2018 , 42 ( 3 ): 1 - 7 .

CHEN Qixin , WANG Kedao , CHEN Sijie , et al . Transactive energy system for distributed agents: architecture, mechanism design and key technologies [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2018 , 42 ( 3 ): 1 - 7 .

沈俭荣 , 文云峰 , 郭创新 , 等 . 基于产消方式的互联微网协同自治运行策略 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2016 , 40 ( 9 ): 40 - 47 .

SHEN Jianrong , WEN Yunfeng , GUO Chuangxin , et al . Prosumer-based autonomous-synergetic operation strategy for interconnected microgrids [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2016 , 40 ( 9 ): 40 - 47 .

马丽 . 基于博弈论的智能配用电系统优化运行方法 [D]. 北京 : 华北电力大学 , 2017 .

MA Li . Optimization methods for the operation of intelligent electricity distribution and utilization systems based on game theory [D]. Beijing : North China Electric Power University , 2017 .

靳小龙 , 穆云飞 , 贾宏杰 , 等 . 融合需求侧虚拟储能系统的冷热电联供楼宇微网优化调度方法 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2017 , 37 ( 2 ): 581 - 591 .

JIN Xiaolong , MU Yunfei , JIA Hongjie , et al . Optimal scheduling method for a combined cooling,heating and power building microgrid considering virtual storage system at demand side [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2017 , 37 ( 2 ): 581 - 591 .

WU Jiechen , HU Junjie , AI Xin , et al . Multi-time scale energy management of electric vehicle model-based prosumers by using virtual battery model [J]. Applied Energy , 2019 , 251 : 113312 .

林俐 , 许冰倩 , 王皓怀 . 典型分布式发电市场化交易机制分析与建议 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2019 , 43 ( 4 ): 1 - 8 .

LIN Li , XU Bingqian , WANG Haohuai . Analysis and recommendations of typical market-based distributed generation trading mechanisms [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2019 , 43 ( 4 ): 1 - 8 .

孙宏斌 , 潘昭光 , 郭庆来 . 多能流能量管理研究：挑战与展望 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2016 , 40 ( 15 ): 1 - 8 .

SUN Hongbin , PAN Zhaoguang , GUO Qinglai . Energy management for multi-energy flow: challenges and prospects [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2016 , 40 ( 15 ): 1 - 8 .

LIU Nian , WANG Jie , WANG Lingfeng . Hybrid energy sharing for multiple microgrids in an integrated heat-electricity energy system [J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy , 2019 , 10 ( 3 ): 1139 - 1151 .

文云峰 , 郭创新 , 郭剑波 , 等 . 多区互联电力系统的分散协调风险调度方法 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2015 , 35 ( 14 ): 3724 - 3733 .

WEN Yunfeng , GUO Chuangxin , GUO Jianbo , et al . Coordinated decentralized risk-based dispatch of multi-area interconnected power systems [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2015 , 35 ( 14 ): 3724 - 3733 .

PATERAKIS N G , ERDINC O , ILIANA N P , et al . Coordinated operation of a neighborhood of smart households comprising electric vehicles, energy storage and distributed generation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2016 , 7 ( 6 ): 2736 - 2747 .

LONG Chao , WU Jianzhong , ZHOU Yue , et al . Peer-to-peer energy sharing through a two-stage aggregated battery control in a community microgrid [J]. Applied Energy , 2018 , 226 : 261 - 276 .

ANVARI-MOGHADDAM A , MONSEF H , RAHIMI-KIAN A . Optimal smart home energy management considering energy saving and a comfortable lifestyle [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2015 , 6 ( 1 ): 324 - 332 .

孙毅 , 陈一童 , 李彬 , 等 . 计及用户舒适性与公平性的热泵负荷集群控制策略 [J]. 电力自动化设备 , 2019 , 39 ( 5 ): 122 - 128 .

SUN Yi , CHEN Yitong , LI Bin , et al . Heat pump load aggregated control strategy considering comfort and fairness of customers [J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment , 2019 , 39 ( 5 ): 122 - 128 .

ERDINC O , PATERAKIS N G , MENDES T P , et al . Smart household operation considering bi-directional EV and ESS utilization by real-time pricing-based DR [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2015 , 6 ( 3 ): 1281 - 1291 .

刘念 , 王程 , 雷金勇 . 市场模式下光伏用户群的电能共享与需求响应模型 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2016 , 40 ( 16 ): 49 - 55 .

LIU Nian , WANG Cheng , LEI Jinyong . Power energy sharing and demand response model for photovoltaic prosumer cluster under market environment [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2016 , 40 ( 16 ): 49 - 55 .

MORSTYN T , NIALL F , SARAH J D , et al . Using peer-to-peer energy-trading platforms to incentivize prosumers to form federated power plants [J]. Nature Energy , 2018 , 3 ( 2 ): 94 - 101 .

BAI Linquan , WANG Jianhui , WANG Chengshan , et al . Distribution locational marginal pricing (DLMP) for congestion management and voltage support [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2018 , 33 ( 4 ): 4061 - 4073 .

SAMADI P , WONG V W S , SCHOBER R . Load scheduling and power trading in systems with high penetration of renewable energy resources [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2016 , 7 ( 4 ): 1802 - 1812 .

刘念 , 余星火 , 王剑辉 , 等 . 泛在物联的配用电优化运行:信息物理社会系统的视角 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2020 , 44 ( 1 ): 1 - 12 .

LIU Nian , YU Xinghuo , WANG Jianhui , et al . Optimal operation of power distribution and consumption system based on ubiquitous Internet of Things: a cyber-physical-social system perspective [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2020 , 44 ( 1 ): 1 - 12 .

顾伟 , 任佳依 , 高君 , 等 . 含分布式电源和可调负荷的售电公司优化调度模型 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2017 , 41 ( 14 ): 37 - 44 .

GU Wei , REN Jiayi , GAO Jun , et al . Optimal dispatching model of electricity retailers considering distributed generator and adjustable load [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2017 , 41 ( 14 ): 37 - 44 .

任洪波 , 吴琼 , 刘家明 . 耦合区域售电服务的分布式能源产消者经济优化与能效评估 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2018 , 38 ( 13 ): 3756 - 3766 .

REN Hongbo , WU Qiong , LIU Jiaming . Economic optimization and energy assessment of distributed energy prosumer coupling local electricity retailing services [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2018 , 38 ( 13 ): 3756 - 3766 .

张高 , 王旭 , 蒋传文 . 基于主从博弈的含电动汽车虚拟电厂协调调度 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2018 , 42 ( 11 ): 48 - 55 .

ZHANG Gao , WANG Xu , JIANG Chuanwen . Stackelberg game based coordinated dispatch of virtual power plant considering electric vehicle management [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2018 , 42 ( 11 ): 48 - 55 .

方燕琼 , 甘霖 , 艾芊 , 等 . 基于主从博弈的虚拟电厂双层竞标策略 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2017 , 41 ( 14 ): 61 - 69 .

FANG Yanqiong , GAN Lin , AI Qian , et al . Stackelberg game based bi-level bidding strategy for virtual power plant [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2017 , 41 ( 14 ): 61 - 69 .

CHEN Liudong , NIU Nian , WANG Jianhui . Peer-to-peer energy sharing in distribution networks with multiple sharing regions [J/OL]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics [ 2020-02-20 ]. DOI: 10.1109/TII.2020.2974023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TII.2020.2974023 .

王程 , 刘念 , 成敏杨 , 等 . 基于Stackelberg博弈的光伏用户群优化定价模型 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2017 , 41 ( 12 ): 146 - 153 .

WANG Cheng , LIU Nian , CHENG Minyang , et al . Stackelberg game based optimal pricing model for photovoltaic prosumer cluster [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2017 , 41 ( 12 ): 146 - 153 .

齐晓琳 , 艾欣 , 唐亮 , 等 . 商业大楼中的电动汽车与温控负荷联合优化调度 [J]. 电工电能新技术 , 2017 , 36 ( 4 ): 51 - 58 .

QI Xiaolin , AI Xin , TANG Liang , et al . Joint optimal dispatch of electric vehicles and thermostatically-controlled loads in commercial buildings [J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy , 2017 , 36 ( 4 ): 51 - 58 .

吴界辰 , 艾欣 , 张艳 , 等 . 配售分离环境下高比例分布式能源园区电能日前优化调度 [J]. 电网技术 , 2018 , 42 ( 6 ): 1709 - 1717 .

WU Jiechen , AI Xin , ZHANG Yan , et al . Day-ahead optimal scheduling for high penetration of distributed energy resources in community under separated distribution and retail operational environment [J]. Power System Technology , 2018 , 42 ( 6 ): 1709 - 1717 .

杨甲甲 , 赵俊华 , 文福拴 , 等 . 含电动汽车和风电机组的虚拟发电厂竞价策略 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2014 , 38 ( 13 ): 92 - 102 .

YANG Jiajia , ZHAO Junhua , WEN Fushuan , et al . Development of bidding strategies for virtual power plants considering uncertain outputs from plug-in electric vehicles and wind generators [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2014 , 38 ( 13 ): 92 - 102 .

艾欣 , 周树鹏 , 赵阅群 . 含虚拟发电厂的电力系统优化运行与竞价策略研究 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2016 , 36 ( 23 ): 6351 - 6362 .

AI Xin , ZHOU Shupeng , ZHAO Yuequn . Research on optimal operation and bidding strategy of power system with virtual power plants [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2016 , 36 ( 23 ): 6351 - 6362 .

BAROT S , TAYLOR J A . A concise, approximate representation of a collection of loads described by polytopes [J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems , 2017 , 84 : 55 - 63 .

栗子豪 , 李铁 , 吴文传 , 等 . 基于Minkowski Sum的热泵负荷调度灵活性聚合方法 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2019 , 43 ( 5 ): 14 - 21 .

LI Zihao , LI Tie , WU Wenchuan , et al . Minkowski Sum based flexibility aggregating method of load dispatching for heat pumps [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2019 , 43 ( 5 ): 14 - 21 .

FABIAN L M , SZABO J , SUNDSTROM O , et al . Aggregation and disaggregation of energetic flexibility from distributed energy resources [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2019 , 10 ( 2 ): 1205 - 1214 .

HUANG Shaojun , WU Qiuwei , ZHAO Haoran , et al . Distributed optimization-based dynamic tariff for congestion management in distribution networks [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2019 , 10 ( 1 ): 184 - 192 .

HU Junjie , YANG Guangya , BINDNER H W , et al . Application of network-constrained transactive control to electric vehicle charging for secure grid operation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy , 2017 , 8 ( 2 ): 505 - 515 .

孔祥玉 , 曾意 , 陆宁 , 等 . 基于多智能体竞价均衡的微电网优化运行方法 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2017 , 37 ( 6 ): 1626 - 1633 .

KONG Xiangyu , ZENG Yi , LU Ning , et al . Optimal bidding management for agent-based microgrid operation [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2017 , 37 ( 6 ): 1626 - 1633 .

SAMADI P , MOHSENIAN-RAD H , SCHOBER R , et al . Advanced demand side management for the future smart grid using mechanism design [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2012 , 3 ( 3 ): 1170 - 1180 .

VANDAEL S , CLAESSENS B , HOMMELBERG M , et al . A scalable three-step approach for demand side management of plug-in hybrid vehicles [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2013 , 4 ( 2 ): 720 - 728 .

王克道 , 陈启鑫 , 郭鸿业 , 等 . 面向可交易能源的储能容量合约机制设计与交易策略 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2018 , 42 ( 14 ): 54 - 60 .

WANG Kedao , CHEN Qixin , GUO Hongye , et al . Mechanism design and trading strategy for capacity contract of energy storage towards transactive energy [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2018 , 42 ( 14 ): 54 - 60 .

KIM J , DVORKIN Y . A P2P-dominant distribution system architecture [EB/OL]. [ 2019-12-20 ]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.03940 https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.03940 .

LIU Weijia , ZHAN Junpeng , CHUNG C Y . A novel transactive energy control mechanism for collaborative networked microgrids [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2019 , 34 ( 3 ): 2048 - 2060 .

吴界辰 , 艾欣 , 胡俊杰 , 等 . 面向智能园区多产消者能量管理的对等模型(P2P)建模与优化运行 [J]. 电网技术 , 2020 , 44 ( 1 ): 52 - 60 .

WU Jiechen , AI Xin , HU Junjie , et al . Peer-to-peer modeling and optimal operation for prosumer energy management in intelligent community [J]. Power System Technology , 2020 , 44 ( 1 ): 52 - 60 .

王宣元 , 刘敦楠 , 刘蓁 , 等 . 泛在电力物联网下虚拟电厂运营机制及关键技术 [J]. 电网技术 , 2019 , 43 ( 9 ): 3175 - 3183 .

WANG Xuanyuan , LIU Dunnan , LIU Zhen , et al . Operation mechanism and key technologies of virtual power plant under ubiquitous Internet of things [J]. Power System Technology , 2019 , 43 ( 9 ): 3175 - 3183 .

HANIF S , TOBIAS M , GOOI H B , et al . Cost optimal integration of flexible buildings in congested distribution grids [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2017 , 32 ( 3 ): 2254 - 2266 .

HANIF S , GOOI H B , MASSIER T , et al . Distributed congestion management of distribution grids under robust flexible buildings operations [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2017 , 32 ( 6 ): 4600 - 4613 .

MORSTYN T , MCCULLOCH M D . Multiclass energy management for peer-to-peer energy trading driven by prosumer preferences [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2019 , 34 ( 5 ): 4005 - 4014 .

ABROL S , MEHMANI A , KERMAN M , et al . Data-enabled building energy savings (D-EBES) [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE , 2018 , 106 ( 4 ): 661 - 679 .

陈丽丹 , 张尧 , FIGUEIREDO A . 电动汽车充放电负荷预测研究综述 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2019 , 43 ( 10 ): 177 - 191 .

CHEN Lidan , ZHANG Yao , FIGUEIREDO A . Overview of charging and discharging load forecasting for electric vehicles [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2019 , 43 ( 10 ): 177 - 191 .

高赐威 , 李倩玉 , 李扬 . 基于DLC的空调负荷双层优化调度和控制策略 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2014 , 34 ( 10 ): 1546 - 1555 .

GAO Ciwei , LI Qianyu , LI Yang . Bi-level optimal dispatch and control strategy for air-conditioning load based on direct load control [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2014 , 34 ( 10 ): 1546 - 1555 .

LU Ning . An evaluation of the HVAC load potential for providing load balancing service [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2012 , 3 ( 3 ): 1263 - 1270 .

LUKAS G S , UGURSAL V I . Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: a review of modeling techniques [J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 2009 , 13 ( 8 ): 1819 - 1835 .

吴聪 , 唐巍 , 白牧可 , 等 . 基于能源路由器的用户侧能源互联网规划 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2017 , 41 ( 4 ): 20 - 28 .

WU Cong , TANG Wei , BAI Muke , et al . Energy router based planning of Energy Internet at user side [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2017 , 41 ( 4 ): 20 - 28 .

COAKLEY D , RAFTERY P , KEANE M . A review of methods to match building energy simulation models to measured data [J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 2014 , 37 : 123 - 141 .

ARIF A , WANG Zhaoyu , WANG Jianhui , et al . Load modeling—a review [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2018 , 9 ( 6 ): 5986 - 5999 .

刘天琪 , 邱晓燕 , 李华强 . 现代电力系统分析理论与方法 [M]. 北京 : 中国电力出版社 , 2007 .

LIU Tianqi , QIU Xiaoyan , LI Huaqiang . Theory and method of modern power system analysis [M]. Beijing : China Electric Power Press , 2007 .

MOUSAVI G S M , NIKDEL M . Various battery models for various simulation studies and applications [J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 2014 , 32 : 477 - 485 .

FOTOUHI A , DANIEL J A , PROPP K , et al . A review on electric vehicle battery modelling: from lithium-ion toward lithium-sulphur [J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 2016 , 56 : 1008 - 1021 .

胡泽春 , 夏睿 , 吴林林 , 等 . 考虑储能参与调频的风储联合运行优化策略 [J]. 电网技术 , 2016 , 40 ( 8 ): 2251 - 2257 .

HU Zechun , XIA Rui , WU Linlin , et al . Joint operation optimization of wind-storage union with energy storage participating frequency regulation [J]. Power System Technology , 2016 , 40 ( 8 ): 2251 - 2257 .

HU Junjie , YANG Guangya , ZIRAS C , et al . Aggregator operation in the balancing market through network-constrained transactive energy [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2019 , 34 ( 5 ): 4071 - 4080 .

郝文斌 , 李银奇 , 张毓格 , 等 . 基于需求侧响应的家庭电热水器优化调度 [J]. 电力系统保护与控制 , 2019 , 47 ( 2 ): 95 - 100 .

HAO Wenbin , LI Yinqi , ZHANG Yuge , et al . Household electric water heater load scheduling based on demand response [J]. Power System Protection and Control , 2019 , 47 ( 2 ): 95 - 100 .

辛洁晴 , 吴亮 . 商务楼中央空调周期性暂停分档控制策略 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2013 , 37 ( 5 ): 49 - 54 .

XIN Jieqing , WU Liang . Hierarchical strategies for duty cycling control of air conditioners in business buildings [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2013 , 37 ( 5 ): 49 - 54 .

宋梦 , 高赐威 , 苏卫华 . 面向需求响应应用的空调负荷建模及控制 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2016 , 40 ( 14 ): 158 - 167 .

SONG Meng , GAO Ciwei , SU Weihua . Modeling and controlling of air-conditioning load for demand response applications [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2016 , 40 ( 14 ): 158 - 167 .

刘英琪 , 谢敏 , 韦薇 , 等 . 高比例风电接入的电力系统灵活性评估与优化 [J]. 电力建设 , 2019 , 40 ( 9 ): 1 - 10 .

LIU Yingqi , XIE Min , WEI Wei , et al . Assessment and optimization for power system flexibility with high proportion of wind power [J]. Electric Power Construction , 2019 , 40 ( 9 ): 1 - 10 .

周光东 , 周明 , 孙黎滢 , 等 . 含波动性电源的电力系统运行灵活性评价方法研究 [J]. 电网技术 , 2019 , 43 ( 6 ): 2139 - 2146 .

ZHOU Guangdong , ZHOU Ming , SUN Liying , et al . Research on operational flexibility evaluation approach of power system with variable sources [J]. Power System Technology , 2019 , 43 ( 6 ): 2139 - 2146 .

LIANG Xiaodong . A new composite load model structure for industrial facilities [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications , 2016 , 52 ( 6 ): 4601 - 4609 .

李亚平 , 姚建国 , 雍太有 , 等 . 居民温控负荷聚合功率及响应潜力评估方法研究 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2017 , 37 ( 19 ): 5519 - 5528 .

LI Yaping , YAO Jianguo , YONG Taiyou , et al . Estimation approach to aggregated power and response potential of residential thermostatically controlled loads [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2017 , 37 ( 19 ): 5519 - 5528 .

MATHIEU J L , VAYA M G , ANDERSSON G . Uncertainty in the flexibility of aggregations of demand response resources [C]// 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society , November 10 - 13 , 2013 , Vienna, Austria: 8052 - 8057 .

顾辰方 , 王赛一 , 闾文浩 . 多元负荷条件下的电力需求预测 [J]. 电力与能源 , 2018 , 39 ( 6 ): 777 - 783 .

GU Chenfang , WANG Saiyi , LYU Wenhao . Prediction of power demand under multiple load conditions [J]. Power & Energy , 2018 , 39 ( 6 ): 777 - 783 .

YU Zhun , HAGHIGHAT F , FUNG B C , et al . A decision tree method for building energy demand modeling [J]. Energy and Buildings , 2010 , 42 ( 10 ): 1637 - 1646 .

陈海文 , 王守相 , 王绍敏 , 等 . 基于门控循环单元网络与模型融合的负荷聚合体预测方法 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2019 , 43 ( 1 ): 65 - 74 .

CHEN Haiwen , WANG Shouxiang , WANG Shaomin , et al . Aggregated load forecasting method based on gated recurrent unit networks and model fusion [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2019 , 43 ( 1 ): 65 - 74 .

MAJIDPOUR M , QIU C , CHU P , et al . Fast prediction for sparse time series: demand forecast of EV charging stations for cell phone applications [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics , 2015 , 11 ( 1 ): 242 - 250 .

何耀耀 , 许启发 , 杨善林 , 等 . 基于RBF神经网络分位数回归的电力负荷概率密度预测方法 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2013 , 33 ( 1 ): 93 - 98 .

HE Yaoyao , XU Qifa , YANG Shanlin , et al . A power load probability density forecasting method based on RBF neural network quantile regression [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2013 , 33 ( 1 ): 93 - 98 .

史佳琪 , 张建华 . 基于多模型融合Stacking集成学习方式的负荷预测方法 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2019 , 39 ( 14 ): 4032 - 4041 .

SHI Jiaqi , ZHANG Jianhua . Load forecasting based on multi-model by Stacking ensemble learning [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2019 , 39 ( 14 ): 4032 - 4041 .

孙毅 , 刘迪 , 李彬 , 等 . 深度强化学习在需求响应中的应用 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2019 , 43 ( 5 ): 183 - 191 .

SUN Yi , LIU Di , LI Bin , et al . Application of deep reinforcement learning in demand response [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2019 , 43 ( 5 ): 183 - 191 .

PAN S , YANG Qiang . A survey on transfer learning [J]. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering , 2010 , 22 ( 10 ): 1345 - 1359 .

罗卓伟 , 胡泽春 , 宋永华 , 等 . 电动汽车充电负荷计算方法 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2011 , 35 ( 14 ): 36 - 42 .

LUO Zhuowei , HU Zechun , SONG Yonghua , et al . Study on plug-in electric vehicles charging load calculating [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2011 , 35 ( 14 ): 36 - 42 .

张晨彧 , 丁明 , 张晶晶 . 基于交通出行矩阵的私家车充电负荷时空分布预测 [J]. 电工技术学报 , 2017 , 32 ( 1 ): 78 - 87 .

ZHANG Chenyu , DING Ming , ZHANG Jingjing . A temporal and spatial distribution forecasting of private car charging load based on origin-destination matrix [J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society , 2017 , 32 ( 1 ): 78 - 87 .

苏舒 , 林湘宁 , 张宏志 , 等 . 电动汽车充电需求时空分布动态演化模型 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2017 , 37 ( 16 ): 4618 - 4629 .

SU Shu , LIN Xiangning , ZHANG Hongzhi , et al . Spatial and temporal distribution model of electric vehicle charging demand [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2017 , 37 ( 16 ): 4618 - 4629 .

KAMGARPOUR M , ELLEN C , SOUDJANI S E Z , et al . Modeling options for demand side participation of thermostatically controlled loads [C]// 2013 IREP Symposium Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control-Ⅸ Optimization , Security and Control of the Emerging Power Grid, August 25 - 30 , 2013 , Rethymno, Greece.

葛少云 , 李吉峰 , 刘洪 , 等 . 考虑物理特征与行为因素的家庭用能特性建模 [J]. 电力自动化设备 , 2019 , 39 ( 3 ): 36 - 44 .

GE Shaoyun , LI Jifeng , LIU Hong , et al . Modelling of household energy consumption characteristics considering physical features and behavior factors [J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment , 2019 , 39 ( 3 ): 36 - 44 .

VAYA M G , ANDERSSON G . Self-scheduling of plug-in electric vehicle aggregator to provide balancing services for wind power [J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy , 2016 , 7 ( 2 ): 886 - 899 .

SAJJAD I A , CHICCO G , NAPOLI R . Definitions of demand flexibility for aggregate residential loads [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2016 , 7 ( 6 ): 2633 - 2643 .

WANG Andong , LI Rongling , YOU Shi . Development of a data driven approach to explore the energy flexibility potential of building clusters [J]. Applied Energy , 2018 , 232 : 89 - 100 .

FAHRIOGLU M , ALVARADO F L . Using utility information to calibrate customer demand management behavior models [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2001 , 16 ( 2 ): 317 - 322 .

王志强 , 王珊 , 张馨月 , 等 . 计及用户响应行为差异性的区域电采暖负荷特性建模 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2019 , 43 ( 7 ): 67 - 79 .

WANG Zhiqiang , WANG Shan , ZHANG Xinyue , et al . Load characteristics modeling of regional electric heating system considering difference of users response behaviors [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2019 , 43 ( 7 ): 67 - 79 .

VÁZQUEZ-CANTELI J R , NAGY Z . Reinforcement learning for demand response: a review of algorithms and modeling techniques [J]. Applied Energy , 2019 , 235 : 1072 - 1089 .

李宏仲 , 王磊 , 林冬 , 等 . 多主体参与可再生能源消纳的Nash博弈模型及其迁移强化学习求解 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2019 , 39 ( 14 ): 4135 - 4150 .

LI Hongzhong , WANG Lei , LIN Dong , et al . A Nash game model of multi-agent participation in renewable energy consumption and solving method via transfer reinforcement learning [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2019 , 39 ( 14 ): 4135 - 4150 .

KRANING M , CHU E , LAVAEI J , et al . Dynamic network energy management via proximal message passing [J]. Foundation and Trends in Optimization , 2014 , 1 ( 2 ): 70 - 122 .

GREGORATTI D , MATAMOROS J . Distributed energy trading: the multiple-microgrid case [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics , 2015 , 62 ( 4 ): 2551 - 2559 .

LIU Yun , LI Yuanzheng , GOOI H B , et al . Distributed robust energy management of a multimicrogrid system in the real-time energy market [J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy , 2019 , 10 ( 1 ): 396 - 406 .

FATHI M , BEVRANI H . Statistical cooperative power dispatching in interconnected microgrids [J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy , 2013 , 4 ( 3 ): 586 - 593 .

HU Junjie , YOU Shi , LIND M , et al . Coordinated charging of electric vehicles for congestion prevention in the distribution grid [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2014 , 5 ( 2 ): 703 - 711 .

宋依群 . 电力市场的多代理模型 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2005 , 25 ( 8 ): 80 - 83 .

SONG Yiqun . Multi-agent model of electricity market [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2005 , 25 ( 8 ): 80 - 83 .

陈皓勇 , 王秀丽 , 王锡凡 , 等 . 拍卖理论及其在电力市场竞价设计中的应用:(二)拍卖理论在电力市场竞价设计中的应用 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2003 , 27 ( 4 ): 17 - 23 .

CHEN Haoyong , WANG Xiuli , WANG Xifan , et al . Auction theory and its application in electricity market auction design: Part two application of auction theory in power market auction design [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2003 , 27 ( 4 ): 17 - 23 .

王健 , 周念成 , 王强钢 , 等 . 基于区块链和连续双向拍卖机制的微电网直接交易模式及策略 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2018 , 38 ( 17 ): 5072 - 5084 .

WANG Jian , ZHOU Niancheng , WANG Qianggang , et al . Electricity direct transaction mode and strategy in microgrid based on blockchain and continuous double auction mechanism [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2018 , 38 ( 17 ): 5072 - 5084 .

WANG Tao , XU Yunjian , AHIPASAOGLU S D , et al . Max-min fairness of generalized AGV mechanisms [C]// 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , December 15 - 18 , 2015 , Osaka, Japan.

蒋玮 , 吴杰 , 冯伟 , 等 . 日前电力市场不完全信息条件下的电力供需双边博弈模型 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2019 , 43 ( 2 ): 18 - 24 .

JIANG Wei , WU Jie , FENG Wei , et al . Bilateral game model of power supply and demand sides with incomplete information in day-ahead electricity market [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2019 , 43 ( 2 ): 18 - 24 .

彭谦 , 周晓洁 , 杨睿 , 等 . 泛在电力物联网环境下综合能源型售电公司参与电力市场竞争的报价策略研究 [J]. 电网技术 , 2019 , 43 ( 12 ): 4337 - 4343 .

PENG Qian , ZHOU Xiaojie , YANG Rui , et al . Bidding strategy of comprehensive energy based power selling company participating in electricity market competition under ubiquitous environment of Internet of things [J]. Power System Technology , 2019 , 43 ( 12 ): 4337 - 4343 .

FENG Changsen , WEN Fushuan , SHI You , et al . Coalitional game-based transactive energy management in local energy communities [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2020 , 35 ( 3 ): 1729 - 1740 .

谢青洋 , 应黎明 , 祝勇刚 . 基于经济机制设计理论的电力市场竞争机制设计 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2014 , 34 ( 10 ): 1709 - 1716 .

XIE Qingyang , YING Liming , ZHU Yonggang . Competitive power market mechanism design based on the designing economic mechanisms theory [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2014 , 34 ( 10 ): 1709 - 1716 .

DAI Yeming , YAN Gao , GAO Hongwei , et al . Real-time pricing scheme based on Stackelberg game in smart grid with multiple power retailers [J]. Neurocomputing , 2017 , 260 : 149 - 156 .

MOHAMMAD S H N , HOSSAIN M J , FERNANDEZ E . Multiagent-based transactive energy management systems for residential buildings with distributed energy resources [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics , 2020 , 16 ( 3 ): 1836 - 1847 .

ZAHRA B , HASHEMI M . Efficiency-fairness trade-off in privacy-preserving autonomous demand side management [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2014 , 5 ( 2 ): 799 - 808 .

WECKX S , D’HULST R , DRIESEN J . Primary and secondary frequency support by a multi-agent demand control system [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2015 , 30 ( 3 ): 1394 - 1404 .

LI Sen , ZHANG Wei , LIAN Jianming , et al . Market-based coordination of thermostatically controlled loads: Part Ⅰ a mechanism design formulation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2016 , 31 ( 2 ): 1170 - 1178 .

LI Sen , ZHANG Wei , LIAN Jianming , et al . Market-Based coordination of thermostatically controlled loads: Part Ⅱ unknown parameters and case studies [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2016 , 31 ( 2 ): 1179 - 1187 .

HAO H , CORBIN C D , KALSI K , et al . Transactive control of commercial buildings for demand response [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2017 , 32 ( 1 ): 774 - 783 .

LIU Guodong , XU Yan , TOMSOVIC K . Bidding strategy for microgrid in day-ahead market based on hybrid stochastic/robust optimization [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2016 , 7 ( 1 ): 227 - 237 .

梅建春 , 卫志农 , 张勇 , 等 . 电-气互联综合能源系统多时间尺度动态优化调度 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2018 , 42 ( 13 ): 36 - 42 .

MEI Jianchun , WEI Zhinong , ZHANG Yong , et al . Dynamic optimal dispatch with multiple time scale in integrated power and gas energy systems [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2018 , 42 ( 13 ): 36 - 42 .

WANG Yang , LI Wenyuan , LU Jiping . Reliability analysis of wide-area measurement system [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery , 2010 , 25 ( 3 ): 1483 - 1491 .

KOUTSOUKIS N C , GEORGILAKIS P S , HATZIARGYRIOU N D . Multistage coordinated planning of active distribution networks [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2018 , 33 ( 1 ): 32 - 44 .

GOOD N , MANCARELLA P . Flexibility in multi-energy communities with electrical and thermal storage: a stochastic, robust approach for multi-service demand response [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2019 , 10 ( 1 ): 503 - 513 .

WEN Yunfeng , QU Xiaobin , LI Wenyuan , et al . Synergistic operation of electricity and natural gas networks via ADMM [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2018 , 9 ( 5 ): 4555 - 4565 .

高红均 , 刘俊勇 , 沈晓东 , 等 . 主动配电网最优潮流研究及其应用实例 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2017 , 37 ( 6 ): 1634 - 1645 .

GAO Hongjun , LIU Junyong , SHEN Xiaodong , et al . Optimal power flow research in active distribution network and its application examples [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2017 , 37 ( 6 ): 1634 - 1645 .

LIN Weixuan , BITAR E . Decentralized stochastic control of distributed energy resources [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2018 , 33 ( 1 ): 888 - 900 .

LIU Zhaoxi , WU Qiuwei , SHAHIDEHPOUR M , et al . Transactive real-time electric vehicle charging management for commercial buildings with PV on-site generation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2019 , 10 ( 5 ): 4939 - 4950 .

HAO He , WU Di , LIAN Jianming , et al . Optimal coordination of building loads and energy storage for power grid and end user services [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2018 , 9 ( 5 ): 4335 - 4345 .

吴界辰 , 艾欣 , 胡俊杰 . 需求侧资源灵活性刻画及其在日前优化调度中的应用 [J]. 电工技术学报 , 2020 , 35 ( 9 ): 1973 - 1984 .

WU Jiechen , AI Xin , HU Junjie . Methods for characterizing flexibilities from demand-side resources and their applications in the day-ahead optimal scheduling [J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society , 2020 , 35 ( 9 ): 1973 - 1984 .

ZHAO Lin , ZHANG Wei , HAO He , et al . A geometric approach to aggregate flexibility modeling of thermostatically controlled loads [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2017 , 32 ( 6 ): 4721 - 4731 .

BAROT S , TAYLOR J A . An outer approximation of the Minkowski sum of convex conic sets with application to demand response [C]// 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , December 12 - 16 , 2016 , Las Vegas, USA: 4233 - 4238 .

MOLLER F L , SUNDSTROM O , SZABO J , et al . Aggregation of energetic flexibility using zonotopes [C]// 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , December 15 - 18 , 2015 , Osaka, Japan: 6564 - 6569 .

冯永青 , 吴文传 , 张伯明 , 等 . 基于可信性理论的输电网短期线路检修计划 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2007 , 27 ( 4 ): 65 - 71 .

FENG Yongqing , WU Wenchuan , ZHANG Boming , et al . Short-term transmission line maintenance scheduling based on credibility theory [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2007 , 27 ( 4 ): 65 - 71 .

CONTRERAS-OCANA J E , SARKER M R , ORTEGA-VAZQUEZ M A . Decentralized coordination of a building manager and an electric vehicle aggregator [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2018 , 9 ( 4 ): 2625 - 2637 .

MHANNA S , CHAPMAN A , VERBIC G . A fast distributed algorithm for large-scale demand response aggregation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2016 , 7 ( 4 ): 2094 - 2107 .

陈刚 , 杨毅 , 杨晓梅 , 等 . 基于分布式牛顿法的微电网群分布式优化调度方法 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2017 , 41 ( 21 ): 156 - 162 .

CHEN Gang , YANG Yi , YANG Xiaomei , et al . Distributed optimization scheduling method for microgrid cluster based on distributed Newton method [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2017 , 41 ( 21 ): 156 - 162 .

艾欣 , 王坤宇 , 胡俊杰 , 等 . 基于交互能源机制的产消者群分布式调度方法研究 [J]. 电网技术 , 2020 , 44 ( 5 ): 1766 - 1777 .

AI Xin , WANG Kunyu , HU Junjie , et al . Study on the distributed scheduling approach of aggregated prosumers based on transactive energy mechanism [J]. Power System Technology , 2020 , 44 ( 5 ): 1766 - 1777 .

MOCANU E , MOCANU D C , NGUYEN P H , et al . On-line building energy optimization using deep reinforcement learning [J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , 2019 , 10 ( 4 ): 3698 - 3708 .

王继业 , 孟坤 , 曹军威 , 等 . 能源互联网信息技术研究综述 [J]. 计算机研究与发展 , 2015 , 52 ( 5 ): 1109 - 1126 .

WANG Jiye , MENG Kun , CAO Junwei , et al . Information technology for energy Internet: a survey [J]. Journal of Computer Research and Development , 2015 , 52 ( 5 ): 1109 - 1126 .

ZAFAR R , MAHMOOD A , RAZZAQ S , et al . Prosumer based energy management and sharing in smart grid [J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 2018 , 82 : 1675 - 1684 .

USMAN A , SHAMI S H . Evolution of communication technologies for smart grid applications [J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews , 2013 , 19 : 191 - 199 .

柳文轩 , 赵俊华 , 黄杰 , 等 . 面向能源领域信息物理社会系统的行为仿真建模分析——以现货电力市场为例 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2020 , 44 ( 4 ): 8 - 15 .

LIU Wenxuan , ZHAO Junhua , HUANG Jie , et al . Simulation and modelling analysis on behavior of cyber physical social system in energy: a case in electricity spot market [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2020 , 44 ( 4 ): 8 - 15 .

王飞跃 , 张军 , 张俊 , 等 . 工业智联网:基本概念、关键技术与核心应用 [J]. 自动化学报 , 2018 , 44 ( 9 ): 1606 - 1617 .

WANG Feiyue , ZHANG Jun , ZHANG Jun , et al . Industrial Internet of minds: concept, technology and application [J]. Acta Automatica Sinica , 2018 , 44 ( 9 ): 1606 - 1617 .

何永秀 , 周丽 , 庞越侠 , 等 . 新电改下基于引发责任的调频辅助服务成本分摊机制设计 [J]. 电力系统自动化 , 2019 , 43 ( 18 ): 88 - 94 .

HE Yongxiu , ZHOU Li , PANG Yuexia , et al . Design of causing responsibility based cost allocation mechanism for frequency regulation ancillary service in new electricity reform [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems , 2019 , 43 ( 18 ): 88 - 94 .

GHORANI R , FOTUHI-FIRUZABAD M , MOEINI-AGHTAIE M . Main challenges of implementing penalty mechanisms in transactive electricity markets [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 2019 , 34 ( 5 ): 3954 - 3956 .

张宁 , 杨经纬 , 王毅 , 等 . 面向泛在电力物联网的5G通信:技术原理与典型应用 [J]. 中国电机工程学报 , 2019 , 39 ( 14 ): 4015 - 4025 .

ZHANG Ning , YANG Jingwei , WANG Yi , et al . 5G communication for the ubiquitous Internet of things in electricity: technical principles and typical applications [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE , 2019 , 39 ( 14 ): 4015 - 4025 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Cooperative Optimal Decision-making for Active Distribution Network with Shared Energy Storage Leased by Prosumers

Optimal Operation Method for Virtual Power Plant Based on Joint Sharing of Energy and Reserve of Prosumers

Hybrid Game Based Sharing Operation Mode for Multi-regional Electric Power and Energy Storage and Its Economic Benefit Analysis

Distributed Multi-market Product Transactions of Prosumers Based on Information Gap Decision Theory

Complete Peer-to-peer Transaction Mechanism for Multiple Prosumers Without Coordination Entity

Related Author

WANG Guoying

WANG Chengfu

YAO Wenliang

WANG Kang

NIU Yuanfang

REN Shuangxue

YAN Xingyu

GAO Ciwei

Related Institution

Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd.

Qingdao Power Supply Company of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company

School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University

School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University

State Grid Lianyungang Power Supply Company

⁰