For transparency and effectiveness of allocation mechanism

the carbon emission obligation of the whole system can be directly allocated at demand side from a consumption-based perspective. The problem can be treated as a cooperative game due to the interactions between the loads with respect to the system-wide carbon emission

and the classic solution concepts such as Shapley value and prenucleolus can be applied to address the problem. By combining the characteristics of the problem

four allocation methods based on the Shapley value

prenucleolus

footprint carbon intensity and marginal carbon intensity

respectively

are demonstrated. Some axioms are summarized and used as fundamental criteria to judge these allocation methods. Comparatively

the Shapley value based method can better estimate the locational factors of loads and their interactions

thereby reflecting the actual contribution of each load to the system-wide carbon emission. It has a better performance than other methods in terms of fairness

reasonableness and feasibility

as verified on a PJM-5-bus system. This work is supported by National Key Technologies R&D Program (No. 2013BAA01B04)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51477097) and Guizhou Power Grid Co. Ltd. （No. K-GZ2013-442）.