Under the constraints of power battery charging/discharging capacity and customer travel needs

an electric vehicle charging/discharging model is proposed to maximize electric vehicle economic benefits. The vehicle travel behavior data used are derived from the 2009 national household travel survey (NHTS). The Monte Carlo simulation method is utilized to generate the trip needs of customers based on the actual customers’ travel rule. The economic benefits and load distribution of electric vehicle charging/discharging are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the proposed model is able to represent the ability of electric vehicles to respond to the time of use electricity price. Meanwhile

with this model

the influence of real-time electricity price on the distribution of charge/discharge electric quantities and running cost of electric vehicles with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) function are studied. It is shown that real-time electricity pricing needs dynamic adjustment for better charge and discharge distribution

the V2G function should markedly reduce the running cost of electric vehicles

and there exists plenty of room for organizing electric operators in making economic benefits. The effects of electric vehicle battery storages are worth further developing.