提出了一种旨在协调风力机和静止无功发生器(static var generator,SVG)的风电场电压控制方法。区别于传统电压控制方法,所提出方法的目标是实现未来时间窗内电压控制曲线和无功调节动态过程的优化。利用自回归滑动平均方法预测风力机的有功出力,并分别以一阶惯性环节和比例积分环节模拟风力机和SVG无功控制的动态过程,在此基础上利用灵敏度预测求解风电场内各母线(含风力机机端母线)的未来电压曲线。由此建立了以目标函数为未来时间窗内并网点电压偏移最小和SVG动态无功储备最大的优化模型,并采用对偶单纯形法求解。在基于DIgSILENT建立的风电场仿真系统上进行了仿真验证。时域仿真结果表明,所提出的方法通过预测不同设备未来一段时间的控制动态过程,能合理安排快、慢无功出力,提前响应系统中可预见变化,保证风力机机端电压安全,并维持并网点电压平稳。
Abstract
Voltage fluctuations occur frequently in wind farms as a result of wind power perturbation
while reactive power control of various devices is always uncoordinated and often has a time lag when the system operates in the traditional control mode that only uses the current data for decision-making. In this case
a method for coordinated control of the reactive power of wind turbine generators (WTGs) and static var generators is proposed based on model predictive control (MPC). Unlike the traditional voltage control method
the control method proposed has the realization of optimization of the voltage control curve and the dynamic process of reactive power regulation in the future window of time as its objective. An auto regression moving average (ARMA) model is used to predict the active power of WTGs while the reactive power of WTGs and the SVG is forecasted using a first-order inertia link and a proportional integral (PI) link
respectively. Voltages in the wind farm are solved with the help of a sensitivity matrix. Thus an optimization model is developed for both the minimization of PCC voltage deviation and the maximization of SVG reactive power reservation in a future window of time. The optimizing model is solved using CPLEX tools with the dual simplex algorithm. In order to test the performance of the MPC controller
multiple cases with different wind circumstances are simulated on a DIgSILENT platform. Simulation results reveal that by predicting the states of various instruments in wind farms during a period of time in the future
the proposed control method is able to rationally arrange fast/slow reactive power to respond to predictable changes of the system in advance and keep voltage stable. This work is supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2013CB228201)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51277105) and National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 51025725).