According to the requirement of reactive power compensation， this paper presents a new voltage control method of STATCOM. The method proposed is direct voltage control based on the neuron self-adaptive PID control. The voltage command is obtained via simple algebraic operation based on the instantaneous power balancing theory. With this control method， the compensator can stabilize the PCC voltage around a prescribed value. The robustness with respect to the variation in the main parameters is demonstrated. Finally， the validity of the method proposed is verified by the results of simulation and experiment.